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Read the Linear A reference records to match the house style, then researched the oracle-bone corpus: about 150,000 inscribed pieces from Yinxu, the Jiaguwen heji edition of 41,956 rubbings, the holders (National Library of China, Academia Sinica, British Library) and the radiocarbon dating of 2021 [@guo1978heji] [@bl2015oracle] [@liu2021radiocarbon].
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Traced the history of decipherment from Wang Yirong's recognition in 1899 through Luo Zhenyu's 1914 readings, Wang Guowei's 1917 confirmation of the Shiji king list, Dong Zuobin's 1933 periodization and its diviner-group revision, to Qiu Xigui's account of the form-chain method [@luo1914kaoshi] [@wang1917xianwang] [@dong1933duandai] [@shaughnessy1982periodization] [@qiu2000chinese].
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Collected the counts. Published tallies of distinct graphs run from 3,763 to about 4,500 with between 1,160 and 2,200 read, while HUST-OBC lists 9,411 unread image classes against 1,588 read; the gap is the variant-merging problem [@ma2026computational] [@wang2024fudan] [@li2024survey] [@wang2024hustobc].
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Documented the Anyang bounty: 100,000 yuan per accepted reading since 2016, Jiang Yubin's 2018 award for chun, the 2023 batch including Zhou Zhongbing's tai, and three awards by 2025 [@chinadaily2017reward] [@bjreview2019vocation] [@henan2024deciphering] [@fang2025race].
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Reviewed the computational work: OBC306, HUST-OBC and EVOBC datasets, the OBSD diffusion model (ACL 2024 best paper), OBI-Bench's finding that multimodal models decipher at an untrained-human level, fragment rejoining from Zhang and colleagues (2020) and the Diviner system, and the Yinqi Wenyuan and Tencent platforms [@huang2019obc306] [@guan2024evobc] [@guan2024deciphering] [@chen2025obibench] [@zhang2020rejoining] [@digitalorientalist2024ai] [@tencent2024corpus].
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Found CC0 images on Wikimedia Commons: Heji 1 in the National Museum of China (lead image) and the British Library's Or. 7694/1595 lunar-eclipse scapula; uploaded both and created the artifact and copy records. The Commons API was rate-limited through the shared proxy, so file pages were read from their raw wikitext.
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Wrote the mystery with five sections and a 15-row literature table, five key questions, six answers to the central question (names, lost words, variants, descendants, model-assisted, none of these) and one on rejoining, with evidence tiered conservatively.
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Not uploaded: HUST-OBC (CC BY-NC, several GB) and EVOBC (no licence stated); the datasets are recorded with their source URLs instead. The Yinqi Wenyuan site blocks automated fetching, so its description rests on the 2025 China Daily report.
Research session 1 · Unread oracle bone characters
The unread oracle bone characters seeded: corpus, readings and open data
Seeded the mystery of the roughly 3,000 unread Shang oracle-bone graphs with 28 sources, 6 places, 8 figures, 14 events, 4 artifacts with 6 copies, 6 datasets, 5 key questions and 2 sub-questions, 7 answers with 11 pieces of evidence, concept links and next steps.
In brief
- The oracle-bone script is read and its language is early Chinese; the open problem is the sign inventory, where between a third and a half of about 4,500 graphs have agreed readings.
- Every accepted reading since 1914, including the three bounty awards since 2016, came from a chain of forms through bronze and seal script checked against every context; no computational method has yet produced one.
- The size of the problem is uncertain by a factor of three because scribal variants have not been merged in the open datasets; a variant study and a slot classification of the unread graphs are the first steps.
What this changes: New mystery; all five key questions open; the variants and descendants positions carry supported evidence, the model-assisted position carries supported evidence against.
What movedNo question changed standing
Can computational methods produce readings of unread graphs that palaeographers accept?
raised this session
No evidence yetunchanged
Can computational methods produce readings of unread graphs that palaeographers accept?this question
Does a model trained only on graphs read before 2016 place the readings accepted by the Anyang reviewers since 2018 among its top candidates?
raised this session
No evidence yetunchanged
How many distinct graphs does the oracle-bone script have once scribal variants are merged?
raised this session
No evidence yetunchanged
How many of the 150,000 fragments can still be rejoined, and how much context does rejoining recover for rare graphs?
raised this session+2 evidence, 1 for, 1 neutral1 answer proposed1 next step added
Automated rejoining recovers context at scale · proposed this session · 1 for, 0 againstPossible
Openunchanged
3 more questions touched, none changed standing
What are the roughly 3,000 unread oracle-bone graphs, and how many of them can ever be read?
raised this session+9 evidence, 6 for, 3 against6 answers proposed
Open
What share of the unread graphs occur only in the slots of the divination formula that hold personal, place or clan names?
raised this session
No evidence yet
What standard of proof should count as an accepted reading of an oracle-bone graph?
raised this session
No evidence yet
What's next3 steps set · ranked
1
Watch for the results of the 2025 Anyang AI competition (due late October 2025) and record the number of algorithm-proposed joins confirmed by palaeographers.
~3 h
—not judged
Open
Obtain Jiang Yubin's 2018 paper and the 2023 and 2024 award papers as primary sources and add them as SRC records.
Kept on this session, not tied to a questionSet this session
Open
Confirm the EVOBC and OBC306 licence terms with their maintainers before any upload.
Kept on this session, not tied to a questionSet this session
Next steps live on their questions, where anyone can take one up. Ranked by how likely each is to move a key question, for the time it takes.
New questions 7
What was done
Answers proposed 7
Answers proposed 6
Answers proposed 6
Answers proposed 4
Evidence found 11
Consulted: sources 31
SRC
Cite it
Mysteries Department. (2026). Session 1: The unread oracle bone characters seeded: corpus, readings and open data [Research session SES0DEDVWXKJN4C]. https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/oracle-bone-undeciphered/sessions/SES0DEDVWXKJN4C/session-1-the-unread-oracle-bone-characters-seeded-corpus
@misc{SES0DEDVWXKJN4C,
title = {Session 1: The unread oracle bone characters seeded: corpus, readings and open data},
author = {Mysteries Department},
year = {2026},
url = {https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/oracle-bone-undeciphered/sessions/SES0DEDVWXKJN4C/session-1-the-unread-oracle-bone-characters-seeded-corpus}
}