Sources
Books, papers and archives the site's evidence rests on. Vote up the ones you find most useful; downvote what doesn't hold up as a source.
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The Voynich manuscript: discussion of text creation hypotheses
Timm and Schinner, 2024 · Cryptologia · SRC0D8MT8W617R3
articleCited by 3
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The challenge of analyzing a dynamic text: why the Voynich manuscript resists conventional interpretation
Timm, 2026 · Cryptologia · SRC0D8MT940648A
articleCited by 3
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UA experts determine age of book 'nobody can read'
University of Arizona, 2011 · UA News · SRC08JJE7AR0ZE1
article newspaperCited by 3
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What BPE Reveals about the Internal Structure of Voynichese
Tauber, 2026 · Voynich (James Tauber's blog) · SRC0D8MT6E21MEP
webCited by 3·Free at the source
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A Bayesian framework for word segmentation: Exploring the effects of context
Goldwater, Griffiths and Johnson, 2009 · Cognition · SRC0D8MR22J01FN
articleCited by 2
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A Methodology for the Cryptanalysis of Classical Ciphers with Search Metaheuristics
Lasry, 2018 · kassel university press · SRC0D8MRQ2E09TE
bookCited by 2
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A Statistical Model for Lost Language Decipherment
Snyder, Barzilay and Knight, 2010 · Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · SRC0D8MT0TC6Y9Q
articleCited by 2·Open access
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A Zipf-preserving, long-range correlated surrogate for written language and other symbolic sequences
Montemurro and Degli Esposti, 2026 · Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · SRC0D8MS85A48VF
preprintCited by 2·Open access
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A massively parallel corpus: the Bible in 100 languages
Christodoulopoulos and Steedman, 2015 · Language Resources and Evaluation · SRC08JJ1D5R75BT
articleCited by 2·Open access
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A prefix-midfix-suffix decomposition of Voynichese words; the core–mantle–crust word paradigm
Stolfi, 1997 · SRC08JHWC1G4V6X
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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An Algorithmic Solution of Sequential Homophonic Ciphers
King and Bahler, 1993 · Cryptologia · SRC08JJDA185P3G
articleCited by 2
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Attention-Augmented LSTMs for Automatic Homophonic Ciphertext Decipherment
Bruton, Beloucif and Megyesi, 2026 · arXiv · SRC0D8MQ9NA3FFR
preprintCited by 2·Read here
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Bayesian Inference for Zodiac and Other Homophonic Ciphers
Ravi and Knight, 2011 · Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · SRC0D8MSQ1W0XDE
articleCited by 2·Open access
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Bayesian Online Changepoint Detection
Adams and MacKay, 2007 · arXiv · SRC0D8MPVR0448T
preprintCited by 2·Free at the source
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Beyond Word Frequency: Bursts, Lulls, and Scaling in the Temporal Distributions of Words
Altmann, Pierrehumbert and Motter, 2009 · PLoS ONE · SRC0D8MPXEP6PY0
articleCited by 2·Read here
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Botanical observations on the Voynich MS
O'Neill, 1944 · Speculum · SRC08JJ0FW811TT
articleCited by 2
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CD2a-n.txt: Currier-D'Imperio transliteration (IVTFF 2.0)
Currier and D'Imperio, n.d. · voynich.nu · SRC0D8MQKXE36BS
datasetCited by 2·Free at the source
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Can Sequence-to-Sequence Models Crack Substitution Ciphers?
Aldarrab and May, 2021 · Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) · SRC0D8MPW7M6NX5
articleCited by 2·Read here
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Clustering by Compression
Cilibrasi and Vitanyi, 2005 · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · SRC0D8MQFGT0HDJ
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Co-Occurrence Patterns in the Voynich Manuscript
Timm, 2016 · arXiv · SRC0D8MT84R75AT
preprintCited by 2·Free at the source
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Combining distributional and morphological information for part of speech induction
Clark, 2003 · Proceedings of the tenth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - EACL '03 · SRC0D8MQFRM2ESY
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Cryptanalysis of Homophonic Substitution Ciphers Using Simulated Annealing with Fixed Temperature
Kopal, 2019 · Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Historical Cryptology (HistoCrypt 2019) · SRC08JJCVCG5E1F
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Deciphering Historical Syllabic Ciphers
Lasry, 2024 · Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Historical Cryptology (HistoCrypt 2024) · SRC08JJBY3003EZ
articleCited by 2·Open access
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Decipherment of Substitution Ciphers with Neural Language Models
Kambhatla, Mansouri Bigvand and Sarkar, 2018 · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · SRC0D8MRCTA3TW7
articleCited by 2·Open access
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Die Geheimschrift im Dienste der päpstlichen Kurie von ihren Anfängen bis zum Ende des XVI. Jahrhunderts
Meister, 1906 · Ferdinand Schöningh · SRC08JJ9MV84J36
bookCited by 2·Open access
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Disambiguating Voynich manuscript transliterations with word embeddings
Lhotka, Salvi and Lazauskas, n.d. · EPFL machine-learning course project · SRC0D8MRWXY141H
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Evidence of Layered Positional and Directional Constraints in the Voynich Manuscript: Implications for Cipher-Like Structure
Parisel, 2026 · arXiv · SRC0D8MSDH63N2M
preprintCited by 2·Open access
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Evidence of linguistic structure in the Voynich manuscript using spectral analysis
Landini, 2001 · Cryptologia · SRC08JHVXCR630E
articleCited by 2
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Fitting a mixture model by expectation maximization to discover motifs in biopolymers
Bailey and Elkan, 1994 · Proceedings of ISMB 1994 · SRC0D8MQ13W68P7
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Francesco Tranchedino: Diplomatische Geheimschriften (facsimile of Vienna, ÖNB Cod. 2398)
Höflechner, 1970 · Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt · SRC0D8MR9CY67V4
bookCited by 2
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GC2a-n.txt: Glen Claston v101 transliteration (IVTFF 2.0)
Claston, 2025 · voynich.nu · SRC0D8MQG88091V
datasetCited by 2·Free at the source
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Has Gordon Rugg solved the mystery of the Voynich manuscript text? (part 1)
Schmeh, 2016 · Klausis Krypto Kolumne · SRC0D8MSW5Y5PQ0
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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Has Gordon Rugg solved the mystery of the Voynich manuscript text? (part 2)
Schmeh, 2016 · Klausis Krypto Kolumne · SRC0D8MSWDR3B3V
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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Hidden secrets of the Voynich Manuscript revealed through cutting-edge scans
Medievalists.net, 2024 · Medievalists.net · SRC0D8MS2SE6VPB
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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IT2a-n.txt: Takahashi transliteration (IVTFF 2.0)
Takahashi, n.d. · voynich.nu · SRC0D8MT4QC7QS4
datasetCited by 2·Free at the source
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IVTFF: Intermediate Voynich Transliteration File Format, version 2.0
Zandbergen, 2023 · voynich.nu · SRC0D8MTMV05GCX
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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Identifying Hierarchical Structure in Sequences: A linear-time algorithm
Nevill-Manning and Witten, 1997 · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · SRC0D8MS9CC4ESV
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Illuminating the Illuminated, Part Four: Tempora Mutantur - Changepoint Analysis of the Voynich Manuscript
hepialidae, 2020 · Weird Data Science (via R-bloggers) · SRC0D8MR7P80C5H
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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Inflection in Linear Class B: 1-Declension
Kober, 1946 · American Journal of Archaeology · SRC0D8MRJXM7GG0
articleCited by 2
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Inside the Voynich Network: graph analysis
quimqu, 2025 · The Voynich Ninja (forum) · SRC0D8MSNK016P5
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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John Dee and the Magic Tables in the Book of Soyga
Reeds, 2006 · International Archives of the History of Ideas/Archives internationales d’histoire des idées · SRC0D8MSQSA2SGK
chapterCited by 2
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Key Design in the Early Modern Era in Europe
Megyesi et al., 2021 · Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Historical Cryptology (HistoCrypt 2021) · SRC08JJB0SG40AN
articleCited by 2·Open access
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La diplomazia sforzesca nella seconda metà del Quattrocento e i suoi cifrari segreti
Cerioni, 1970 · Il Centro di Ricerca · SRC0D8MQCB86492
bookCited by 2
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Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision
Radford et al., 2021 · Proceedings of ICML 2021 · SRC0D8MSPAE61XH
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Long-range correlation and partial $1/f^\alpha$ spectrum in a noncoding DNA sequence
Li and Kaneko, 1992 · Europhysics Letters · SRC08JJ2S404G06
articleCited by 2
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Modelling the Rongorongo tablets: A new transcription of the Échancrée tablet and the foundation for decipherment attempts
Lastilla et al., 2022 · Digital Scholarship in the Humanities · SRC0D8MRS8R27K3
articleCited by 2·Open access
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Mosaic organization of DNA nucleotides
Peng et al., 1994 · Physical Review E · SRC0D8MSHP01809
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Multispectral images of the Voynich manuscript (ten folios, 2014 imaging)
Davis and The Lazarus Project, 2024 · Google Drive · SRC0D8MQNCA0CHF
datasetCited by 2·Free at the source
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Naibbe cipher paper
, 2025 · The Voynich Ninja (forum) · SRC0D8MTFF40C2Q
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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New Ciphers and Cryptanalysis Components in CrypTool 2
Kopal and Esslinger, 2022 · International Conference on Historical Cryptology · SRC0D8MRM4P586E
articleCited by 2·Open access
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Rapanui writing and the Rapanui language: preliminary results of a statistical analysis
Pozdniakov and Pozdniakov, 2006 · Forum for Anthropology and Culture · SRC0D8MSMVJ7FK4
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Review of The linguistics of the Voynich manuscript by Claire Bowern and Luke Lindemann
Timm and Schinner, 2021 · Cryptologia · SRC0D8MT8MC1TY9
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Schwarzweisse Magie: Der Schlüssel zum dritten Buch der Steganographia des Trithemius
Ernst, 1996 · Daphnis · SRC0D8MQTR646WX
articleCited by 2
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SigLA: The Signs of Linear A. A palaeographical database
Salgarella and Castellan, n.d. · sigla.phis.me · SRC0D8MSVEG69YA
datasetCited by 2·Free at the source
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Sign Clustering and Topic Extraction in Proto-Elamite
Born et al., 2019 · Proceedings of the 3rd Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanities and Literature · SRC0D8MQ7YM27YR
articleCited by 2·Read here
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Solved: The Ciphers in Book III of Trithemius's Steganographia
Reeds, 1998 · Cryptologia · SRC0D8MSQHG5NH7
articleCited by 2
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Statistical Analysis of the Indus Script Using n-Grams
Yadav et al., 2010 · PLoS ONE · SRC0D8MTJMP7V2Q
articleCited by 2·Open access
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Statistical Properties of European Languages and Voynich Manuscript Analysis
Arutyunov et al., 2016 · arXiv · SRC0D8MQ0M87QWT
preprintCited by 2·Free at the source