625 people in 95 mysteries

L 3

M 11

MB

Magen BroshiCo-author of the 1990s radiocarbon series

Dead Sea Scrolls: dating, scribes and provenance

MB

Manuel Borraz AymerichCo-author of the 2020 FOTOCAT re-analysis of Bunnell's photographs; made its maps and simulations

Marfa lights

Mark BosloughAirburst physicist; co-author of the refutation and PubPeer critic of the 2025 papers

Younger Dryas impact hypothesis

ML

Mark LehnerField director of the ARCE Sphinx Project; author of the 1991 dissertation

Great Sphinx of Giza

MM

María Martinón-TorresPalaeoanthropologist, CENIEH; lead author of the main critique

Homo naledi and the Rising Star burial claims

ML

Matteo LeonePhysicist (University of Bari at the time); author of the EMBLA 2002 rebuttal

Hessdalen lights

MD

Michael D. CoeMesoamericanist (Yale); co-author of the 2006 paper; critic of the Isthmian decipherment · 1929–2019

Cascajal block and Isthmian writing

MH

Michael HippkeLead author of the critique of plate photometry

Tabby's star (KIC 8462852)

MW

Michael WitzelCo-author of the non-script argument

Indus script

MJ

Michel JébrakGeologist, Université du Québec à Montréal; co-author of the alkaline-complex model

Eye of the Sahara and Atlantis

MP

Mladen PopovićLead author of the 2021 and 2025 studies, University of Groningen

Dead Sea Scrolls: dating, scribes and provenance

O 1

P 2

PO

Philodemus of GadaraEpicurean philosopher; author of much of the opened library · -011–-003

Herculaneum Papyri and the Vesuvius Challenge

Puzur-InshushinakKing of Awan and Susa, c. 2150 to 2100 BC; author of the bilinguals

Proto-Elamite and Linear Elamite

Q 1

R 11

RP

Rajesh P. N. RaoLead author of the 2009 entropy paper

Indus script

RH

Ralph HimmelsbachFBI lead agent 1971 to 1980; author of NORJAK

Hijacking of Northwest 305 (D. B. Cooper)

RH

Ran HonglinArchaeologist, Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology; first author of the 2025 report on the new pits

Sanxingdui and its sacrificial pits

RE

Rex E. WallaceLinguist, University of Massachusetts Amherst; author of Zikh Rasna and editor of the Etruscan Texts Project

Etruscan: the readable language that cannot be fully translated

RB

Richard B. FirestoneNuclear chemist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; first author of the 2007 paper · 1945–2024

Younger Dryas impact hypothesis

RL

Rob LeeLead author of the 2010 entropy studies

Pictish symbol stones

Robert M. SchochGeologist; author of the rain-erosion redating · born 1949

Great Sphinx of Giza

RT

Robert TempleAuthor of the Anubis reading

Great Sphinx of Giza

RM

Rolf M. SinclairPhysicist; co-author of the Sun Dagger solar and lunar papers

Great houses of Chaco Canyon

RG

Rupert GebhardArchaeologist; co-author of the Iron Age critique

Nebra Sky Disc

Rüdiger KrauseArchaeologist; co-author of the Iron Age critique · born 1958

Nebra Sky Disc

S 8

Sara SeagerMIT planetary scientist; co-author of the detection and source studies · born 1971

Phosphine in the clouds of Venus

SR

Saul RappaportMIT astrophysicist; lead author of the discovery paper

HD 139139, the "Random Transiter"

SG

Shai GordinAssyriologist at Ariel University who leads the Digital Pasts Lab and co-authored the neural restoration and Akkadian machine-translation pa

Unread cuneiform: half a million tablets and the limits of Sumerian

SB

Shmuel BialyCo-author of the radiation-pressure paper

1I/'Oumuamua

SG

Slava G. TuryshevJPL physicist; co-author of the 2009 review

Earth flyby anomaly

SF

Steve FarmerCo-author of the non-script argument

Indus script

Svante PääboGeneticist, MPI-EVA; senior author of the 2010 Denisovan papers · born 1955

Who were the Denisovans? The Harbin "Dragon Man" cranium

SV

Sébastien ViscardyRoyal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy; lead author of the 2025 re-analysis

Mars methane puzzle

T 2

V 2

W 1

Y 2