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Where did the people buried in the earliest Tarim Basin cemeteries come from?

Asked 26 Oct 2026 by ·5 answers·0·0 following
Answered: They descended from an old, isolated local population of mainly Ancient North Eurasian ancestry.Passed its tests and review.

Where it stands

Five answers have been proposed. They descended from an old, isolated local population of mainly Ancient North Eurasian ancestry. leads, with evidence 2 for, 1 against: supported by its tests. Four are still possible. Of the one narrower question under it, none is answered yet.

Why it matters

For thirty years the mummies were the main physical evidence offered for an eastward migration of Indo-European speakers into Inner Asia⁠[1]. Each migration reading predicts migrant ancestry in the founders; the 2021 genomes were the first test with the power to see it⁠[2].

Answers 5

None of these.
Failed a test; not refuted outright
Evidence: none yet
Disputed
Evidence: 1 for, 2 against
Disputed

History

  1. Di Cosmo puts forward: they descended from Afanasievo herders of the Altai, themselves derived from the Yamnaya of the…
  2. Li et al.: males of the lowest Xiaohe layer carry Y haplogroup R1a1a, read in 2010 as a western link.For: They descended from Afanasievo herders of the Altai, themselves derived from the Yamnaya of the…
  3. Li et al.: maternal lineages traced to Europe, Siberia and South Asia were read as admixture.Against: They descended from an old, isolated local population of mainly Ancient North Eurasian ancestry.
  4. Zhang et al. puts forward: they descended from farmers of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex who came from the Central Asian…
  5. Zhang et al. puts forward: they descended from agropastoralists of the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor to the west and north of the basin.
  6. Zhang et al. puts forward: they descended from an old, isolated local population of mainly Ancient North Eurasian ancestry.
  7. Zhang et al.: no Afanasievo-related ancestry in any of the 13 Tarim individuals; qpAdm models with steppe sources fail.Against: They descended from Afanasievo herders of the Altai, themselves derived from the Yamnaya of the…
  8. Zhang et al.: no BMAC-related ancestry detected.Against: They descended from farmers of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex who came from the Central Asian…
  9. Zhang et al.: ritual Ephedra and desert irrigation practices resemble BMAC.For: They descended from farmers of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex who came from the Central Asian…
  10. Zhang et al.: models with Inner Asian Mountain Corridor sources fail.Against: They descended from agropastoralists of the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor to the west and north of the basin.
  11. Zhang et al.: all 13 individuals from Gumugou, Xiaohe and Beifang fit about 72% ANE and 28% Baikal_EBA ancestry.For: They descended from an old, isolated local population of mainly Ancient North Eurasian ancestry.
  12. Asked on this site
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