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How many people lived in Chaco Canyon at its height?

Asked 26 Oct 2026 by ·4 answers·0·0 following
Most likely: fewer than about 1,000 lived in the canyon year-round; the rest of the capacity was for visitors or storageAhead on the evidence, not yet confirmed. It needs two reviews to be accepted.

Where it stands

Four answers have been proposed. About 2,000 to 2,300 lived in the canyon from 1050 to 1130, supported in part by imported food. leads, with evidence 2 for: partly supported by its tests. Three are still possible.

Why it matters

Population decides whether Chaco was a town or a provisioned centre, and whether the roads carried food. The estimates have moved repeatedly, and the 2019 and 2025 studies point in opposite directions at different scales⁠[1]⁠[2]⁠[3].

Answers 4

None of these.
Not tested enough to call either way
Evidence: none yet
Still possible

History

  1. Benson & Grimstead puts forward: fewer than about 1,000 lived in the canyon year-round; the rest of the capacity was for visitors or storage.
  2. University of Colorado Boulder puts forward: about 2,000 to 2,300 lived in the canyon from 1050 to 1130, supported in part by imported food.
  3. Benson & Grimstead: maize from the canyon floor could feed about 1,000 people at most.For: Fewer than about 1,000 lived in the canyon year-round; the rest of the capacity was for visitors or storage.
  4. University of Colorado Boulder: estimates of about 2,300 residents for 1050 to 1130 are the figure Benson and Grimstead tested.For: About 2,000 to 2,300 lived in the canyon from 1050 to 1130, supported in part by imported food.
  5. Kohler et al. puts forward: more people lived in the canyon and its region than earlier high estimates allow, in a greener and fertile…
  6. Kohler et al.: kohler and colleagues argue the Southwest was greener before 1200 and crude birth rates were high, so the…For: More people lived in the canyon and its region than earlier high estimates allow, in a greener and fertile…
  7. Asked on this site
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