Sources
Books, papers and archives the site's evidence rests on. Vote up the ones you find most useful; downvote what doesn't hold up as a source.
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Detection of Classical Cipher Types with Feature-Learning Approaches
Leierzopf et al., 2021 · Communications in Computer and Information Science · SRC0D8MRVF21P58
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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A Massive Machine-Learning Approach For Classical Cipher Type Detection Using Feature Engineering
Leierzopf et al., 2021 · International Conference on Historical Cryptology · SRC0D8MRVPW1TWP
articleCited by 3·Read here
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Systematische Evaluierung von Architekturen und Features für die Bestimmung von klassischen Chiffren-Typen mit neuronalen Netzen
Leierzopf, 2021 · Master's thesis, FH Oberösterreich (Hagenberg) · SRC0D8MRVYP6ERY
thesisCited by 1·Free at the source
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Leipzig Corpora Collection
Leipzig University, n.d. · wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de · SRC0D8MRW6G4Y5H
datasetCited by 1·Free at the source
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On the Complexity of Finite Sequences
Lempel and Ziv, 1976 · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · SRC0D8MRWEA23ZB
articleCited by 1
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Improving Distributional Similarity with Lessons Learned from Word Embeddings
Levy, Goldberg and Dagan, 2015 · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · SRC0D8MRWP4136A
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Disambiguating Voynich manuscript transliterations with word embeddings
Lhotka, Salvi and Lazauskas, n.d. · EPFL machine-learning course project · SRC0D8MRWXY141H
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Mutual information functions versus correlation functions
Li, 1990 · Journal of Statistical Physics · SRC0D8MRX5R11M9
articleCited by 1
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TrOCR: Transformer-based Optical Character Recognition with Pre-trained Models
Li et al., 2023 · Proceedings of AAAI 2023 · SRC0D8MRXNC2515
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Critical Behavior in Physics and Probabilistic Formal Languages
Lin and Tegmark, 2017 · Entropy · SRC0D8MRY505DCE
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Crux of the MATTR: Voynichese Morphological Complexity
Lindemann, 2022 · Proceedings of the International Conference on the Voynich Manuscript 2022 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings 3313) · SRC0D8MRYMM1QT9
articleCited by 3·Read here
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Galaxy Zoo: morphologies derived from visual inspection of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ★
Lintott et al., 2008 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · SRC0D8MRYWE47CX
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Isolation Forest
Liu, Ting and Zhou, 2008 · 2008 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining · SRC0D8MRZC23553
articleCited by 1
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The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discovery
Lu et al., 2024 · arXiv · SRC0D8MRZVP5B5H
preprintCited by 1·Read here
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Neural Decipherment via Minimum-Cost Flow: From Ugaritic to Linear B
Luo, Cao and Barzilay, 2019 · Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · SRC0D8MS03G760C
articleCited by 5·Read here
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Deciphering Undersegmented Ancient Scripts Using Phonetic Prior
Luo et al., 2021 · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · SRC0D8MS0BA506A
articleCited by 5·Read here
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Linguistic Features of Noncoding DNA Sequences
Mantegna et al., 1994 · Physical Review Letters · SRC0D8MS0K40JTJ
articleCited by 1
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The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach
Mantel, 1967 · Cancer Research · SRC0D8MS0TY2R3A
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Recurrence plots for the analysis of complex systems
Marwan et al., 2007 · Physics Reports · SRC0D8MS12R5Y9X
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Benchmarking Large Language Models for Cryptanalysis and Side-Channel Vulnerabilities
Maskey, Zhu and Naseem, 2025 · arXiv · SRC0D8MS1AJ6XK7
preprintCited by 1·Read here
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Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties
Mastrandrea, 2010 · IPCC · SRC0D8MS1JC1MCS
webCited by 1·Free at the source
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The Voynich manuscript: Symbol roles revisited
Matlach, Janečková and Dostál, 2022 · PLOS ONE · SRC0D8MS1T60AQF
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Creating a massively parallel Bible corpus
Mayer and Cysouw, 2014 · Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14) · SRC0D8MS2202MMH
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Quantitative tools for comparing animal communication systems: information theory applied to bottlenose dolphin whistle repertoires
McCowan, Hanser and Doyle, 1999 · Animal Behaviour · SRC0D8MS29T2E6R
articleCited by 1
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UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction
McInnes, Healy and Melville, 2018 · arXiv · SRC0D8MS2HM7Q7D
preprintCited by 1·Free at the source
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Hidden secrets of the Voynich Manuscript revealed through cutting-edge scans
Medievalists.net, 2024 · Medievalists.net · SRC0D8MS2SE6VPB
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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How to Become an Evil Wizard in the Middle Ages: The Secrets of Picatrix
Medievalists.net, 2025 · Medievalists.net · SRC0D8MS3186XE1
webCited by 1·Free at the source
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Decryption of historical manuscripts: the DECRYPT project
Megyesi et al., 2020 · Cryptologia · SRC0D8MS392677X
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Historical Language Models in Cryptanalysis: Case Studies on English and German
Megyesi et al., 2023 · Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings · SRC0D8MS40G7G4P
articleCited by 3·Read here
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Die Anfänge der modernen diplomatischen Geheimschrift
Meister, 1902 · Ferdinand Schöningh · SRC0D8MS48A2AKS
bookCited by 1
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Using deep neural network models to aid in the decipherment of Linear A
University of Melbourne, 2024 · Melbourne Data Analytics Platform (project page) · SRC0D8MS4QY7PGH
webCited by 1·Free at the source
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Psychological Strategies for Winning a Geopolitical Forecasting Tournament
Mellers et al., 2014 · Psychological Science · SRC0D8MS4ZR5TC8
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Algorithms for discovering repeated patterns in multidimensional representations of polyphonic music
Meredith, Lemstr�m and Wiggins, 2002 · Journal of New Music Research · SRC0D8MS57J7A67
articleCited by 1
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Compression-based geometric pattern discovery in music
Meredith, 2014 · 2014 4th International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) · SRC0D8MS5FC2DHC
articleCited by 1
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Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space
Mikolov et al., 2013 · arXiv · SRC0D8MS5Q62555
preprintCited by 1·Free at the source
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Optimizing Semantic Coherence in Topic Models
Mimno et al., 2011 · Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · SRC0D8MS5Z053QW
articleCited by 1·Read here
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DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability Curvature
Mitchell et al., 2023 · arXiv · SRC0D8MS66T3HHW
preprintCited by 1·Read here
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History of the Mystery Hunt
MIT Puzzle Club, n.d. · MIT Puzzle Club · SRC0D8MS6EM4T4F
webCited by 1·Free at the source
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Encryption (Sforza envoy ciphers)
Hungarian National Archives, n.d. · mnl.gov.hu · SRC0D8MS6PE5ZG9
webCited by 1·Free at the source
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Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake
Mölder et al., 2021 · F1000Research · SRC0D8MS6Y87P8S
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Recent Progress in Deciphering Proto-Elamite
Monroe et al., 2025 · Near Eastern Archaeology · SRC0D8MS7623N33
articleCited by 1
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ParaMor: From Paradigm Structure to Natural Language Morphology Induction
Monson, 2009 · Carnegie Mellon University · SRC0D8MS7DW69BQ
thesisCited by 1·Free at the source
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Universal Entropy of Word Ordering Across Linguistic Families
Montemurro and Zanette, 2011 · PLoS ONE · SRC0D8MS7NP67QG
articleCited by 1·Read here
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A Zipf-preserving, long-range correlated surrogate for written language and other symbolic sequences
Montemurro and Degli Esposti, 2026 · Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · SRC0D8MS85A48VF
preprintCited by 2·Read here
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MS M.873 (Tractatus de herbis)
Morgan Library & Museum, n.d. · Morgan Library & Museum · SRC0D8MS8D41EPJ
manuscriptCited by 1
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Ventris-Chadwick correspondence archive
Cambridge Mycenaean Epigraphy Group, n.d. · Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge · SRC0D8MS8MY1KVA
datasetCited by 1·Free at the source
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Parallel Texts in the Hebrew Bible, New Methods and Visualizations
Naaijer and Roorda, 2016 · arXiv · SRC0D8MS8WR6CN3
preprintCited by 1·Open access
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Compression and Explanation using Hierarchical Grammars
Nevill-Manning, 1997 · The Computer Journal · SRC0D8MS94J3JMN
articleCited by 1
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Identifying Hierarchical Structure in Sequences: A linear-time algorithm
Nevill-Manning and Witten, 1997 · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · SRC0D8MS9CC4ESV
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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Poincaré Embeddings for Learning Hierarchical Representations
Nickel and Kiela, 2017 · NeurIPS 2017 · SRC0D8MS9M60TT1
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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The Book of Soyga, now translated and online
Pelling, 2015 · Cipher Mysteries · SRC0D8MSFQG6382
webCited by 1·Free at the source
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A Note on Zipf's Law, Natural Languages, and Noncoding DNA regions
Niyogi and Berwick, 1995 · arXiv · SRC0D8MS9W06ZRJ
preprintCited by 1·Free at the source
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The preregistration revolution
Nosek et al., 2018 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · SRC0D8MSA3T3RF6
articleCited by 1
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Beam Search for Solving Substitution Ciphers
Nuhn, Schamper and Ney, 2013 · Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · SRC0D8MSABM3ANZ
articleCited by 1·Open access
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Cipher Type Detection
Nuhn and Knight, 2014 · Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · SRC0D8MSAKE3C90
articleCited by 1·Open access
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Improved Decipherment of Homophonic Ciphers
Nuhn, Schamper and Ney, 2014 · Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · SRC0D8MSAV82H6A
articleCited by 1·Open access
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Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations
OHCHR and Human Rights Center, 2022 · United Nations · SRC0D8MSB322KYC
bookCited by 1
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