Sources
Books, papers and archives the site's evidence rests on. Vote up the ones you find most useful; downvote what doesn't hold up as a source.
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Can Sequence-to-Sequence Models Crack Substitution Ciphers?
Aldarrab and May, 2021 · Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) · SRC0D8MPW7M6NX5
articleCited by 2·Read here
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Hrate: entropy-rate estimator
Alikaniotis, n.d. · GitHub · SRC0D8MPWZ275SA
softwareCited by 1·Free at the source
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Beyond Word Frequency: Bursts, Lulls, and Scaling in the Temporal Distributions of Words
Altmann, Pierrehumbert and Motter, 2009 · PLoS ONE · SRC0D8MPXEP6PY0
articleCited by 2·Read here
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Creativity As an Exact Science
Altshuller, 1984 · Gordon and Breach · SRC0D8MPXPG7J4P
bookCited by 1
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Gromov-Wasserstein Alignment of Word Embedding Spaces
Alvarez-Melis and Jaakkola, 2018 · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · SRC0D8MPXYA0HGT
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Analysis of Evidence (2nd ed.)
Anderson, Schum and Twining, 2005 · Cambridge University Press · SRC0D8MPYDY4M33
bookCited by 1
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MS 1474 (De balneis Puteolanis)
Biblioteca Angelica, n.d. · Biblioteca Angelica · SRC0D8MPYNR1RXC
manuscriptCited by 1·Free at the source
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The last page f116v revisited
Bax, n.d. · stephenbax.net · SRC0D8MQ32C6S2A
webCited by 1·Free at the source
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Structural constraints and morphological paradigms of the Voynich Pisces folio (f70v2)
Anonymous, 2026 · Zenodo · SRC0D8MPYXJ1KWK
preprintCited by 1
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Interrogating Indus inscriptions to unravel their mechanisms of meaning conveyance
Ansumali Mukhopadhyay, 2019 · Palgrave Communications · SRC0D8MPZ5C410P
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Wrong Design of Cipher Keys: Analysis of Historical Cipher Keys From the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg Used in the Thirty Years’ War
Antal and Mírka, 2022 · International Conference on Historical Cryptology · SRC0D8MPZD65MRD
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Evaluating the Stability of Embedding-based Word Similarities
Antoniak and Mimno, 2018 · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · SRC0D8MPZN023JK
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Exploratory Multivariate Analysis in Archaeology
Baxter, 2015 · Percheron Press · SRC0D8MQ3A611SS
bookCited by 1
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Learning topic models -- provably and efficiently
Arora et al., 2018 · Communications of the ACM · SRC0D8MPZWT3E3R
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation
Artetxe et al., 2018 · ICLR 2018 · SRC0D8MQ04M12KY
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Voynich manuscript scans reveal early decoding attempt
The Art Newspaper, 2024 · The Art Newspaper · SRC0D8MQ0CE0APX
webCited by 2·Free at the source
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Statistical Properties of European Languages and Voynich Manuscript Analysis
Arutyunov et al., 2016 · arXiv · SRC0D8MQ0M87QWT
preprintCited by 2·Free at the source
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A tool for empowering Symbol Detection through Technological Integration in Library Science. A case study on the Voynich manuscript
Bernasconi and Ferilli, 2024 · IRCDL 2024 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings 3643) · SRC0D8MQ50W4P13
articleCited by 1·Read here
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A Spectral Algorithm for Seriation and the Consecutive Ones Problem
Atkins, Boman and Hendrickson, 1998 · SIAM Journal on Computing · SRC0D8MQ0W23AVZ
articleCited by 1
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Fitting a mixture model by expectation maximization to discover motifs in biopolymers
Bailey and Elkan, 1994 · Proceedings of ISMB 1994 · SRC0D8MQ13W68P7
articleCited by 2·Free at the source
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GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem et al., 2011 · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · SRC0D8MQ1BP6P28
articleCited by 1
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Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies
Bandelt, Forster and Rohl, 1999 · Molecular Biology and Evolution · SRC0D8MQ1KG29W1
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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The phylogeny of The Canterbury Tales
Barbrook et al., 1998 · Nature · SRC0D8MQ1VA3SYP
articleCited by 2
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Matching Words and Pictures
Barnard et al., 2003 · Journal of Machine Learning Research · SRC0D8MQ234547E
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity
Baselga, 2010 · Global Ecology and Biogeography · SRC0D8MQ2AY1E5E
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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A Solution to the CIA's Kryptos Code Is Found after 35 Years
Basilio, 2025 · Scientific American · SRC0D8MQ2JR1SKH
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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A proposed partial decoding of the Voynich script
Bax, 2014 · stephenbax.net · SRC0D8MQ2TJ0TRV
preprintCited by 1·Free at the source
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Language Trees and Zipping
Benedetto, Caglioti and Loreto, 2002 · Physical Review Letters · SRC0D8MQ3J07E4R
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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On J. Goodman's comment to "Language Trees and Zipping"
Benedetto, Caglioti and Loreto, 2002 · arXiv · SRC0D8MQ3ST3MJG
preprintCited by 1·Free at the source
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Zipf's law of abbreviation as a language universal
Bentz and Ferrer-i-Cancho, 2016 · Proceedings of the Leiden Workshop on Capturing Phylogenetic Algorithms for Linguistics · SRC0D8MQ49E7KBX
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Decipherment with a Million Random Restarts
Berg-Kirkpatrick and Klein, 2013 · Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · SRC0D8MQ4S22G4V
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Two Decades of Unsupervised POS Induction: How Far Have We Come?
Christodoulopoulos, Goldwater and Steedman, 2010 · Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · SRC0D8MQE1Y75KQ
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Enhancing Symbol Recognition in Library Science via Advanced Technological Solutions
Bernasconi and Ferilli, 2025 · Information · SRC0D8MQ58P64Z3
articleCited by 1·Open access
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The Voynich Protocol v3.0: Statistical Analysis of MS408 as a Formal Technical System
Bezvesilnyi, 2026 · Zenodo · SRC0D8MQ5GG09MP
preprintCited by 1·Read here
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Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Blei, Ng and Jordan, 2002 · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14 · SRC0D8MQ5RA65S8
articleCited by 1
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A correlated topic model of Science
Blei and Lafferty, 2007 · The Annals of Applied Statistics · SRC0D8MQ60430RW
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Science and Statistics
Box, 1976 · Journal of the American Statistical Association · SRC0D8MQ8XW53MR
articleCited by 1
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Build, Compute, Critique, Repeat: Data Analysis with Latent Variable Models
Blei, 2014 · Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application · SRC0D8MQ67Y4FQR
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Egerton MS 747 (Tractatus de herbis)
British Library, n.d. · British Library · SRC0D8MQ6FR7TYQ
manuscriptCited by 1·Free at the source
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Fast unfolding of communities in large networks
Blondel et al., 2008 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment · SRC0D8MQ6QJ74KW
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Latin 6823 (Tractatus de herbis)
Bibliothèque nationale de France, n.d. · Biblissima · SRC0D8MQ77673P0
manuscriptCited by 1·Free at the source
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Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information
Bojanowski et al., 2017 · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · SRC0D8MQ7F02GWR
articleCited by 1·Read here
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Venetian Cryptanalysis Treatises of the Renaissance
Bonavoglia, 2022 · International Conference on Historical Cryptology · SRC0D8MQ7PT1ACG
articleCited by 2·Read here
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Sign Clustering and Topic Extraction in Proto-Elamite
Born et al., 2019 · Proceedings of the 3rd Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanities and Literature · SRC0D8MQ7YM27YR
articleCited by 2·Read here
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Applications of natural language processing to archaeological decipherment: a survey of Proto-Elamite
Born, 2023 · PhD thesis, Simon Fraser University · SRC0D8MQ86E1GX5
thesisCited by 1·Free at the source
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Enciphered after all? Word-level Text Metrics are Compatible with some Types of Encipherment
Bowern and Gaskell, 2022 · Proceedings of the International Conference on the Voynich Manuscript 2022 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings 3313) · SRC0D8MQ8P22Y9G
articleCited by 5·Read here
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Fingerprinting Gibberish: A Quantitative Comparison of the Voynich and Sloane MS 3188
Boxer, 2022 · Proceedings of the International Conference on the Voynich Manuscript 2022 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings 3313) · SRC0D8MQ95P58T6
articleCited by 3·Read here
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Class-Based n-gram Models of Natural Language
Brown et al., 1992 · Computational Linguistics · SRC0D8MQ9DG1E1G
articleCited by 3·Read here
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Attention-Augmented LSTMs for Automatic Homophonic Ciphertext Decipherment
Bruton, Beloucif and Megyesi, 2026 · arXiv · SRC0D8MQ9NA3FFR
preprintCited by 2·Read here
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Neighbor-Net: An Agglomerative Method for the Construction of Phylogenetic Networks
Bryant, 2004 · Molecular Biology and Evolution · SRC0D8MQ9X4390B
articleCited by 1·Free at the source
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Prediction of complete gene structures in human genomic DNA
Burge and Karlin, 1997 · Journal of Molecular Biology · SRC0D8MQA4Y6FAJ
articleCited by 1
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'Delta': a Measure of Stylistic Difference and a Guide to Likely Authorship
Burrows, 2002 · Literary and Linguistic Computing · SRC0D8MQACR578Y
articleCited by 1
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Lost Manuscripts and Extinct Texts: A Dynamic Model of Cultural Transmission
Camps and Randon-Furling, 2022 · arXiv · SRC0D8MQAMJ410R
preprintCited by 1·Free at the source
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On the transmission of texts: written cultures as complex systems
Camps, Randon-Furling and Godreau, 2025 · arXiv · SRC0D8MQAWC72FF
preprintCited by 1·Free at the source
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The Elements of Abbreviation in Medieval Latin Paleography
Cappelli, 1982 · University of Kansas Libraries · SRC0D8MQB4622XF
bookCited by 1