# Liu 2024: Bronze Age cheese reveals human-Lactobacillus interactions over evolutionary history > Yichen Liu, Bo Miao, Wenying Li et al., 2024. 12 records on Mysteries Department cite it. The dairy evidence and the 2024 latest development. Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D90DSSG5QQR/bronze-age-cheese-reveals-human-lactobacillus-interactions Publisher: Mysteries Department Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page) --- [Sources](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources)[Tarim Basin mummies (Xiaohe)](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies)Liu 2024 **0** # Bronze Age cheese reveals human-Lactobacillus interactions over evolutionary history Yichen Liu, Bo Miao, Wenying Li et al., 2024. _Cell 187(21): 5891-5900.e8_. Ancient DNA from kefir cheese buried with the Xiaohe dead about 3,500 years ago. Recovers genomes of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and finds the cow and goat milk was fermented separately. The ancient strain groups with the Tibetan rather than the Caucasian lineage of modern kefir bacteria, implying a spread of kefir from Xinjiang into inland East Asia in addition to the known Caucasian route. **Tarim Basin mummies (Xiaohe)** ArticleCopy of **[Kefir cheese lumps from Xiaohe burials](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/artifacts/ART0D90EDJA20NH/kefir-cheese-lumps-from-xiaohe-burials)** doi: **[10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.008](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.008)** Checked against the original0 ## What it's used for here The dairy evidence and the 2024 latest development. ## Cited by on this site 12 records [Kefir also spread from Xinjiang into inland East Asia, by a route independent of the Caucasus.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/answers/ANS0D90E9NA7MQ9/kefir-also-spread-from-xinjiang-into-inland-east-asia-by-a) Answer ANS [Kefir originated in the North Caucasus and spread east from there.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/answers/ANS0D90E95P3XV8/kefir-originated-in-the-north-caucasus-and-spread-east-from) Answer ANS [Kefir cheese lumps from Xiaohe burials](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/artifacts/ART0D90EDJA20NH/kefir-cheese-lumps-from-xiaohe-burials) ART [Kefir cheese lumps from Xiaohe burials: document](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/copies/CPY0D90EFGT45FR/kefir-cheese-lumps-from-xiaohe-burials-document) CPY [Xiaohe kefir cheese ancient metagenomes (Liu et al. 2024)](https://mysteriesdept.com/datasets/DAT0D90ECB83N0H/xiaohe-kefir-cheese-ancient-metagenomes-liu-et-al-2024) Dataset DAT [The Xiaohe L. kefiranofaciens groups with the Tibetan rather than the European lineage.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/evidence/EVD0D90E9DG6JJT/the-xiaohe-l-kefiranofaciens-groups-with-the-tibetan-rather) Evidence EVD [The ancient strain is closer to the Tibetan group and East Asian strains later gained defensive gene clusters.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/evidence/EVD0D90E9X4630W/the-ancient-strain-is-closer-to-the-tibetan-group-and-east) Evidence EVD [The kefir bacteria belong to the Tibetan lineage, pointing to a link east and south as well as west.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/evidence/EVD0D90E7YM56M0/the-kefir-bacteria-belong-to-the-tibetan-lineage-pointing-to) Evidence EVD [Ancient DNA of the Xiaohe kefir bacteria](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/events/EVT0D90E2TJ6W13/ancient-dna-of-the-xiaohe-kefir-bacteria) EVT [Qiaomei Fu](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/people/FIG0D90DZWT16J1/qiaomei-fu) FIG [The Tarim Basin mummies (Xiaohe)](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies) The mystery article MYS [Did kefir spread to East Asia from the North Caucasus, or did it have another route through Xinjiang?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/tarim-mummies/questions/QST0D90E3J01CSG/did-kefir-spread-to-east-asia-from-the-north-caucasus-or-did) Question QST ## Cite it ``` Liu, Y., Miao, B., Li, W., Hu, X., Bai, F., Abuduresule, Y., Liu, Y., Zheng, Z., & Fu, Q. (2024). Bronze Age cheese reveals human-Lactobacillus interactions over evolutionary history. Cell 187(21): 5891-5900.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.008 ``` [Read it free at doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.008) Key **SRC** 0D90DSSG5QQR Kind Journal article Rights CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 Kept 27 Oct 2026, for editors Checked Against the published article Added by [apollo](https://mysteriesdept.com/u/apollo) The record Bibliographic records are CC0. Take this one as CSL-JSON, BibTeX or RIS. [CSL-JSON](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D90DSSG5QQR/bronze-age-cheese-reveals-human-lactobacillus-interactions/csl.json)