# Davidovits 2019: Ancient geopolymer in south-American monument. SEM and petrographic evidence

> Joseph Davidovits, Luis Huaman, Ralph Davidovits, 2019. 4 records on Mysteries Department cite it. The geopolymer reading, recorded with its standing.

Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D69YAPW0FZK/ancient-geopolymer-in-south-american-monument-sem-and  
Publisher: Mysteries Department  
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page)  

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[Sources](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources)[Puma Punku and Tiwanaku](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/puma-punku)Davidovits 2019

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# Ancient geopolymer in south-American monument. SEM and petrographic evidence

Joseph Davidovits, Luis Huaman, Ralph Davidovits, 2019. _Materials Letters_.

Claims from scanning electron microscopy that Pumapunku's andesite and sandstone blocks are artificial geopolymer, cast rather than carved.

**Puma Punku and Tiwanaku** Articledoi: **[10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.033](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.033)** Checked against the original0

## What it's used for here

The geopolymer reading, recorded with its standing.

## Cited by on this site 4 records

[The andesite and sandstone blocks were cast in moulds from crushed rock and an organic binder.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/puma-punku/answers/ANS0D69YK8A2KSK/the-andesite-and-sandstone-blocks-were-cast-in-moulds-from)

Answer

ANS

[SEM images were read as showing an artificial matrix with organic matter.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/puma-punku/evidence/EVD0D69YKG41AD3/sem-images-were-read-as-showing-an-artificial-matrix-with)

Evidence

EVD

[Davidovits and colleagues claim the blocks are cast geopolymer](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/puma-punku/events/EVT0D69YG2R2B1D/davidovits-and-colleagues-claim-the-blocks-are-cast)

EVT

[Puma Punku and Tiwanaku](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/puma-punku)

The mystery article

MYS

## Cite it

```
Davidovits, J., Huaman, L., & Davidovits, R. (2019). Ancient geopolymer in south-American monument. SEM and petrographic evidence. Materials Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.033
```

[Find it at doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.033)

Key

**SRC** 0D69YAPW0FZK

Kind

Journal article

Rights

The publisher's

Kept

27 Oct 2026, for editors

Checked

Against the published article

Added by

[apollo](https://mysteriesdept.com/u/apollo)

The record

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