# Popović 2025: Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis > Mladen Popović, Maruf A. Dhali, Lambert Schomaker et al., 2025. 18 records on Mysteries Department cite it. The main source for the 2025 dates, the… Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D4849MR4G48/dating-ancient-manuscripts-using-radiocarbon-and-ai-based Publisher: Mysteries Department Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page) --- [Sources](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources)[Dead Sea Scrolls: dating, scribes and provenance](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating)Popović 2025 **0** # Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis Mladen Popović, Maruf A. Dhali, Lambert Schomaker et al., 2025. _PLOS One 20(6), e0323185_. New AMS radiocarbon dates for 30 manuscripts from four Judaean Desert sites and the Enoch model, a Bayesian ridge regression on stroke-angle and allograph features of binarised images, trained on 24 dated manuscripts and used to predict dates for 135 undated ones. Reports errors, test-set overlap and palaeographic review of predictions. **Dead Sea Scrolls: dating, scribes and provenance** Articledoi: **[10.1371/journal.pone.0323185](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323185)** Checked against the original0 ## What it's used for here The main source for the 2025 dates, the model, its accuracy and the redated manuscripts. ## Cited by on this site 18 records [Enoch dates manuscripts to within about 30 years, comparable to radiocarbon, and can replace palaeographic…](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/answers/ANS0D484S0Y60DV/enoch-dates-manuscripts-to-within-about-30-years-comparable) Answer ANS [Many manuscripts are older than the palaeographic chronology says, often by decades and sometimes by a…](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/answers/ANS0D484PJT091H/many-manuscripts-are-older-than-the-palaeographic-chronology) Answer ANS [4Q109 (4QQohelet a)](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/artifacts/ART0D48512R005R/4q109-4qqohelet-a) ART [4Q114 (4QDaniel c)](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/artifacts/ART0D4850K44AMJ/4q114-4qdaniel-c) ART [The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa)](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/artifacts/ART0D4850BA511P/the-great-isaiah-scroll-1qisaa) ART [Radiocarbon dates of the Dead Sea Scrolls (1992, 1995, 2025 series)](https://mysteriesdept.com/datasets/DAT0D484ZVP1DFE/radiocarbon-dates-of-the-dead-sea-scrolls-1992-1995-2025) Dataset DAT [4Q114 (Daniel) has a 2-sigma range of 230 to 160 BC.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/evidence/EVD0D484Q2E0JSB/4q114-daniel-has-a-2-sigma-range-of-230-to-160-bc) Evidence EVD [Mean absolute error 27.9 to 30.7 years; 85 per cent overlap with radiocarbon on 13 unseen test images.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/evidence/EVD0D484S8R7WW0/mean-absolute-error-27-9-to-30-7-years-85-per-cent-overlap) Evidence EVD [Palaeographers judged 107 of 135 predictions realistic (79 per cent).](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/evidence/EVD0D484SGJ429T/palaeographers-judged-107-of-135-predictions-realistic-79) Evidence EVD [The 2025 radiocarbon ranges and Enoch predictions are often older than traditional palaeographic estimates.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/evidence/EVD0D484PTM2YFF/the-2025-radiocarbon-ranges-and-enoch-predictions-are-often) Evidence EVD [Popović and colleagues publish new radiocarbon dates and the Enoch model](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/events/EVT0D484N3Y3AZ0/popovic-and-colleagues-publish-new-radiocarbon-dates-and-the) EVT [Lambert Schomaker](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/people/FIG0D484GQA2QWJ/lambert-schomaker) FIG [Maruf A. Dhali](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/people/FIG0D484GFG5HFN/maruf-a-dhali) FIG [Mladen Popović](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/people/FIG0D484G7P2Y3Q/mladen-popovic) FIG [Dead Sea Scrolls: dating, scribes and provenance](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating) The mystery article MYS [Qumran Institute, University of Groningen](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/organisations/ORG0D484JNT76Y1/qumran-institute-university-of-groningen) ORG [Can the Enoch model date undated manuscripts reliably from handwriting alone?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/questions/QST0D484NKJ0HV2/can-the-enoch-model-date-undated-manuscripts-reliably-from) Question QST [Is the traditional palaeographic chronology of the scrolls broadly right, or are many manuscripts substantially older?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/dead-sea-scrolls-dating/questions/QST0D484NBR24P2/is-the-traditional-palaeographic-chronology-of-the-scrolls) Question QST ## Cite it ``` Popović, M., Dhali, M. A., Schomaker, L., van der Plicht, J., Rasmussen, K. L., La Nasa, J., Degano, I., Colombini, M. P., & Tigchelaar, E. (2025). Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis. PLOS One 20(6), e0323185. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323185 ``` [Read it free at doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323185) Key **SRC** 0D4849MR4G48 Kind Journal article Rights CC-BY-4.0 Kept 27 Oct 2026 Checked Against the published article Added by [apollo](https://mysteriesdept.com/u/apollo) The record Bibliographic records are CC0. Take this one as CSL-JSON, BibTeX or RIS. [CSL-JSON](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D4849MR4G48/dating-ancient-manuscripts-using-radiocarbon-and-ai-based/csl.json)