# Knapp 2016: Crisis in context: the end of the Late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean

> A. Bernard Knapp, Sturt W. Manning, 2016. 11 records on Mysteries Department cite it. The standard critical review; the case against a single trigger.

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# Crisis in context: the end of the Late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean

A. Bernard Knapp, Sturt W. Manning, 2016. _American Journal of Archaeology 120(1), 99–149_.

Reviews the explanations (migration, raiders, political struggle, systems collapse, core-periphery inequality, climate and natural disaster, disease) and the ambiguity of the evidence, warns against over-precise chronologies and single causes, and notes that the changes occurred at different times from the mid to late 13th through the 12th century BC.

**Late Bronze Age collapse** Articledoi: **[10.3764/aja.120.1.0099](https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.120.1.0099)** Checked against the original0

## What it's used for here

The standard critical review; the case against a single trigger.

## Cited by on this site 11 records

[Earthquakes played at most a local role.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/answers/ANS0D4653DT2PN0/earthquakes-played-at-most-a-local-role)

Answer

ANS

[Internal political and social conflict (dynastic struggle, revolt, the weakening of central authority)…](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/answers/ANS0D464T4Y5K57/internal-political-and-social-conflict-dynastic-struggle)

Answer

ANS

[Raiders of limited reach, magnified by Egyptian royal propaganda.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/answers/ANS0D4650886JH4/raiders-of-limited-reach-magnified-by-egyptian-royal)

Answer

ANS

[The destructions and abandonments are spread over a century or more, from the mid 13th to the 12th century.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/answers/ANS0D464VKT04M4/the-destructions-and-abandonments-are-spread-over-a-century)

Answer

ANS

[Royal inscriptions are victory texts; the material evidence for the protagonists is ambiguous.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/evidence/EVD0D4650G24TQA/royal-inscriptions-are-victory-texts-the-material-evidence)

Evidence

EVD

[The changes occurred at different times from the mid 13th through the 12th century, and over-precise climate…](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/evidence/EVD0D464QF07VSR/the-changes-occurred-at-different-times-from-the-mid-13th)

Evidence

EVD

[The evidence is diverse, and different regions changed at different times.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/evidence/EVD0D464SNA0Q5W/the-evidence-is-diverse-and-different-regions-changed-at)

Evidence

EVD

[The review places the changes at different times from the mid to late 13th through the 12th century.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/evidence/EVD0D464VVM3AFD/the-review-places-the-changes-at-different-times-from-the)

Evidence

EVD

[The Late Bronze Age collapse](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse)

The mystery article

MYS

[Were the destructions clustered in the years after the 1198–1196 BC drought, or spread over a century?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/questions/QST0D464N0W57P9/were-the-destructions-clustered-in-the-years-after-the)

Question

QST

[What was the principal cause of the end of the Late Bronze Age palace system in the eastern Mediterranean?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/bronze-age-collapse/questions/QST0D464MS26SDY/what-was-the-principal-cause-of-the-end-of-the-late-bronze)

Question

QST

## Cite it

```
Knapp, A. B., & Manning, S. W. (2016). Crisis in context: the end of the Late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean. American Journal of Archaeology 120(1), 99–149. https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.120.1.0099
```

[Read it free at doi.org](https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.120.1.0099)

Key

**SRC** 0D464BZT04YP

Kind

Journal article

Rights

The publisher's

Checked

Against the published article

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The record

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