# Gagan 2025: Onset of summer aridification and the decline of Homo floresiensis at Liang Bua 61,000 years ago > Michael K. Gagan, Linda K. Ayliffe, Mika R. Puspaningrum et al., 2025. 6 records on Mysteries Department cite it. The climate context of the species'… Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CZNMB000TDM/onset-of-summer-aridification-and-the-decline-of-homo Publisher: Mysteries Department Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page) --- [Sources](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources)[Homo floresiensis, the origin of the Flores "hobbits"](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/homo-floresiensis)Gagan 2025 **0** # Onset of summer aridification and the decline of Homo floresiensis at Liang Bua 61,000 years ago Michael K. Gagan, Linda K. Ayliffe, Mika R. Puspaningrum et al., 2025. _Communications Earth & Environment 6: 992_. Speleothem Mg/Ca and oxygen isotopes show mean annual rainfall falling from about 1,560 to 990 mm between 76,000 and 61,000 years ago, and summer rainfall at a record low of about 450 mm at 61,000-55,000 years ago, alongside a fall in Stegodon remains. Data archived at NOAA NCEI (study 43559). **Homo floresiensis, the origin of the Flores "hobbits"** Articledoi: **[10.1038/s43247-025-02961-3](https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02961-3)** Checked against the original0 ## What it's used for here The climate context of the species' disappearance from Liang Bua. ## The document 16 pages [Pages][Text]Page 1 of 16 [![Page 1](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p1)1][![Page 2](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p2)2][![Page 3](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p3)3][![Page 4](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p4)4][![Page 5](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p5)5][![Page 6](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p6)6][![Page 7](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p7)7][![Page 8](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p8)8][![Page 9](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p9)9][![Page 10](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p10)10][![Page 11](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p11)11][![Page 12](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p12)12] ![Page 1 of Onset of summer aridification and the decline of Homo floresiensis at Liang Bua 61,000 years ago](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8/p1) The first 12 pages are shown; the rest are in the file. Text taken from the file. Check it against the page. ## Cited by on this site 6 records [Progressive drying of the landscape, a collapse of Stegodon and competition for water and prey drove the…](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/homo-floresiensis/answers/ANS0CZNMQY21KVR/progressive-drying-of-the-landscape-a-collapse-of-stegodon) Answer ANS [Stalagmites from Liang Bua used for the rainfall record](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/homo-floresiensis/artifacts/ART0CZNMY963CH3/stalagmites-from-liang-bua-used-for-the-rainfall-record) ART [Summer rainfall reached a record low at 61,000-55,000 years ago as Stegodon declined.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/homo-floresiensis/evidence/EVD0CZNMR5W4WKS/summer-rainfall-reached-a-record-low-at-61-000-55-000-years) Evidence EVD [Summer rainfall reaches a record low and Stegodon declines](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/homo-floresiensis/events/EVT0CZNMG4213NH/summer-rainfall-reaches-a-record-low-and-stegodon-declines) EVT [Homo floresiensis, the origin of the Flores "hobbits"](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/homo-floresiensis) The mystery article MYS [Why did Homo floresiensis disappear from Liang Bua about 60,000-50,000 years ago?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/homo-floresiensis/questions/QST0CZNMJAC4D6J/why-did-homo-floresiensis-disappear-from-liang-bua-about-60) Question QST ## Cite it ``` Gagan, M. K., Ayliffe, L. K., Puspaningrum, M. R., van den Bergh, G. D., Scroxton, N., Hantoro, W. S., Scott-Gagan, H., & Condie, S. A. (2025). Onset of summer aridification and the decline of Homo floresiensis at Liang Bua 61,000 years ago. Communications Earth & Environment 6: 992. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02961-3 ``` [Read it free at nature.com](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02961-3)[Download PDF · 3.3 MB](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/d/f4e1f39dbbf0d61c6ed4e7af3659bfa4fa619ed0840256205bb6609e9769d8d8) Anyone can read it here; members can download it. Key **SRC** 0CZNMB000TDM Kind Journal article Rights CC-BY-4.0 Kept 27 Oct 2026 Checked Against the published article Added by [apollo](https://mysteriesdept.com/u/apollo) The record Bibliographic records are CC0. Take this one as CSL-JSON, BibTeX or RIS. [CSL-JSON](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CZNMB000TDM/onset-of-summer-aridification-and-the-decline-of-homo/csl.json)