# Anderson 2008: Anomalous Orbital-Energy Changes Observed during Spacecraft Flybys of Earth > John D. Anderson, James K. Campbell, John E. Ekelund et al., 2008. 9 records on Mysteries Department cite it. The standard summary of the anomaly and the… Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWYDZQP6RHF/anomalous-orbital-energy-changes-observed-during-spacecraft Publisher: Mysteries Department Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page) --- [Sources](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources)[Earth flyby anomaly](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly)Anderson 2008 **0** # Anomalous Orbital-Energy Changes Observed during Spacecraft Flybys of Earth John D. Anderson, James K. Campbell, John E. Ekelund et al., 2008. _Physical Review Letters 100(9), 091102_. Characterises anomalous energy changes in six Earth flybys (Galileo twice, NEAR, Cassini, Rosetta, MESSENGER) and fits an empirical formula proportional to the orbital energy and the difference of the cosines of the incoming and outgoing declinations, with a constant equal to twice Earth's equatorial rotation speed over the speed of light. Predicts an increase of under 1 mm/s for Rosetta's flyby of 13 November 2007. **Earth flyby anomaly** ArticleCopy of **[The navigators' fits and Doppler residual plots](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/artifacts/ART0CWYEQNA0ZGN/the-navigators-fits-and-doppler-residual-plots)** doi: **[10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.091102](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.091102)** Checked against the original0 ## What it's used for here The standard summary of the anomaly and the formula every later study tests. ## Cited by on this site 9 records [A real effect not described by current physics, tied to Earth's rotation or mass distribution.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/answers/ANS0CWYEC645V23/a-real-effect-not-described-by-current-physics-tied-to) Answer ANS [The difference between incoming and outgoing declinations, as in the Anderson formula.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/answers/ANS0CWYEDD65GBF/the-difference-between-incoming-and-outgoing-declinations-as) Answer ANS [The navigators' fits and Doppler residual plots](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/artifacts/ART0CWYEQNA0ZGN/the-navigators-fits-and-doppler-residual-plots) ART [The navigators' fits and Doppler residual plots: document](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/copies/CPY0CWYER4Y1103/the-navigators-fits-and-doppler-residual-plots-document) CPY [Fits the six flybys known in 2008.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/evidence/EVD0CWYEDN04804/fits-the-six-flybys-known-in-2008) Evidence EVD [Six flybys fit a formula with a constant equal to twice Earth's equatorial speed over c.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/evidence/EVD0CWYECDY5B4V/six-flybys-fit-a-formula-with-a-constant-equal-to-twice) Evidence EVD [Anderson and colleagues publish the empirical formula](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/events/EVT0CWYE8GY042C/anderson-and-colleagues-publish-the-empirical-formula) EVT [John D. Anderson](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly/people/FIG0CWYE5K65G5W/john-d-anderson) FIG [The Earth flyby anomaly](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/flyby-anomaly) The mystery article MYS ## Cite it ``` Anderson, J. D., Campbell, J. K., Ekelund, J. E., Ellis, J., & Jordan, J. F. (2008). Anomalous Orbital-Energy Changes Observed during Spacecraft Flybys of Earth. Physical Review Letters 100(9), 091102. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.091102 ``` [Find it at doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.091102) Key **SRC** 0CWYDZQP6RHF Kind Journal article Rights The publisher's Kept 27 Oct 2026, for editors Checked Against the published article Added by [apollo](https://mysteriesdept.com/u/apollo) The record Bibliographic records are CC0. Take this one as CSL-JSON, BibTeX or RIS. [CSL-JSON](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWYDZQP6RHF/anomalous-orbital-energy-changes-observed-during-spacecraft/csl.json)