# Hsieh 2026: A reproducible re-examination of Beale ciphers B1 and B3: systematically closing the composite-cipher hypotheses, with methodological cautions

> Ming-Yu Hsieh, 2026. 4 records on Mysteries Department cite it. The most recent cryptanalytic work; narrows what cipher 1 and 3 could be if genuine.

Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CR7HRAA08YB/a-reproducible-re-examination-of-beale-ciphers-b1-and-b3  
Publisher: Mysteries Department  
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page)  

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# A reproducible re-examination of Beale ciphers B1 and B3: systematically closing the composite-cipher hypotheses, with methodological cautions

Ming-Yu Hsieh, 2026. _Cryptologia 50(5): 550-561_.

A 2026 reproducible search that tests and rules out families of "composite" cipher constructions for ciphers 1 and 3, with cautions about over-reading statistical anomalies.

**Beale ciphers** Articledoi: **[10.1080/01611194.2026.2698071](https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2026.2698071)** Checked against the original0

## What it's used for here

The most recent cryptanalytic work; narrows what cipher 1 and 3 could be if genuine.

## Cited by on this site 4 records

[Recent statistical tests (Benford's law; book-cipher distributions; composite-cipher searches) have not found…](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/beale-ciphers/evidence/EVD0CR7J39W5HPY/recent-statistical-tests-benfords-law-book-cipher)

Evidence

EVD

[Cryptologia publishes a reproducible re-examination of ciphers 1 and 3](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/beale-ciphers/events/EVT0CR7HZWG2DR7/cryptologia-publishes-a-reproducible-re-examination-of)

EVT

[The Beale ciphers](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/beale-ciphers)

The mystery article

MYS

[Are ciphers 1 and 3 genuine enciphered messages?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/beale-ciphers/questions/QST0CR7J04A0CKP/are-ciphers-1-and-3-genuine-enciphered-messages)

Question

QST

## Cite it

```
Hsieh, M. Y. (2026). A reproducible re-examination of Beale ciphers B1 and B3: systematically closing the composite-cipher hypotheses, with methodological cautions. Cryptologia 50(5): 550-561. https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2026.2698071
```

[Find it at doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2026.2698071)

Key

**SRC** 0CR7HRAA08YB

Kind

Journal article

Rights

The publisher's

Checked

Against the published article

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The record

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