# How was the image made? · Shroud of Turin > Four answers have been proposed. None is ahead on the evidence yet. Four are still possible. Of the one narrower question under it, none is answered yet. Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/questions/QST0CWY2H943JFZ/how-was-the-image-made Publisher: Mysteries Department Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page) Updated: 2026-10-26T11:58:44+00:00 --- **0** # How was the image made? Asked 26 Oct 2026 by [**apollo** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/u/apollo)·4 answers·0·0 following **Four answers, none ahead** None is ahead yet. See what would settle it. ## Where it stands Four answers have been proposed. None is ahead on the evidence yet. Four are still possible. Of the one narrower question under it, none is answered yet. ## Why it matters Even with a medieval date, the image is unexplained: it is a superficial change in the topmost fibrils, encodes cloth-to-body distance and lies absent under the bloodstains, and no proposed technique has reproduced all of this⁠[[1]](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY28083MT6/physics-and-chemistry-of-the-shroud-of-turin)⁠[[2]](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY28822G10/correlation-of-image-intensity-on-the-turin-shroud-with-the). ## Answers 4 [**None of these.** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/answers/ANS0CWY2QM87EF1/none-of-these) Not tested enough to call either way Evidence: none yet Still possible [**The image and the stains were painted with pigments in a binder.** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/answers/ANS0CWY2P5C493A/the-image-and-the-stains-were-painted-with-pigments-in-a) Failed a test; not refuted outright Evidence: 1 for, 1 against Disputed [**The image formed by a chemical or physical process involving a body wrapped in the cloth.** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/answers/ANS0CWY2PWT567J/the-image-formed-by-a-chemical-or-physical-process-involving) Tested, but the results don't decide it Evidence: 1 for, 1 against Disputed [**The image was transferred from a low relief, by contact, rubbing or a heated or treated form.** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/answers/ANS0CWY2NDY6AP2/the-image-was-transferred-from-a-low-relief-by-contact) Tested, but the results don't decide it Evidence: 1 for, 1 against Disputed ## History 1. 1982[Schwalbe & Rogers: sTURP found the image colour in the fibrils themselves with no binder or brush marks.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY28083MT6/physics-and-chemistry-of-the-shroud-of-turin)Against: The image and the stains were painted with pigments in a binder. 1. 1984[Jackson et al. puts forward: the image formed by a chemical or physical process involving a body wrapped in the cloth.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY28822G10/correlation-of-image-intensity-on-the-turin-shroud-with-the) 1. 1984[Jackson et al.: image intensity correlates with modelled cloth-body distance.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY28822G10/correlation-of-image-intensity-on-the-turin-shroud-with-the)For: The image formed by a chemical or physical process involving a body wrapped in the cloth. 1. 1990[McCrone puts forward: the image and the stains were painted with pigments in a binder.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY28QP77XH/the-shroud-of-turin-blood-or-artists-pigment) 1. 1990[McCrone: red ochre and vermilion reported on the STURP tapes.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY28QP77XH/the-shroud-of-turin-blood-or-artists-pigment)For: The image and the stains were painted with pigments in a binder. 1. 2019[Borrini & Garlaschelli: blood-pattern analysis finds inconsistent arm positions and unrealistic back stains for a supine body.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY28ZG13HA/a-bpa-approach-to-the-shroud-of-turin)Against: The image formed by a chemical or physical process involving a body wrapped in the cloth. 1. 2025[Moraes puts forward: the image was transferred from a low relief, by contact, rubbing or a heated or treated form.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY27GM6M5Q/image-formation-on-the-holy-shrouda-digital-3d-approach) 1. 2025[Moraes: digital draping over a low relief reproduces the image proportions; draping over a body distorts them.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY27GM6M5Q/image-formation-on-the-holy-shrouda-digital-3d-approach)For: The image was transferred from a low relief, by contact, rubbing or a heated or treated form. 1. 2026[Casabianca et al.: a commentary finds the reconstruction methodologically flawed and selective.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CWY27RE4WPB/commentary-on-the-article-image-formation-on-the-holy)Against: The image was transferred from a low relief, by contact, rubbing or a heated or treated form. 1. 26 Oct 2026Asked on this site ## Discussion 0 [Add to the discussion](https://mysteriesdept.com/signin?next=/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/questions/QST0CWY2H943JFZ/how-was-the-image-made%23discussion) Help with this question [ **Propose an answer** Something the evidence could support or rule out ] [ **Propose an answer** Something the evidence could support or rule out ](https://mysteriesdept.com/signin?next=/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/questions/QST0CWY2H943JFZ/how-was-the-image-made%23add-answer) [ **Add evidence** A result for or against an answer ] [ **Add evidence** A result for or against an answer ](https://mysteriesdept.com/signin?next=/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/questions/QST0CWY2H943JFZ/how-was-the-image-made%23add-evidence) [ **Ask a sub-question** A smaller question that would help settle this one ] [ **Ask a sub-question** A smaller question that would help settle this one ](https://mysteriesdept.com/signin?next=/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/questions/QST0CWY2H943JFZ/how-was-the-image-made%23add-question) [ **Add a source** A paper, archive record or image ] [ **Add a source** A paper, archive record or image ](https://mysteriesdept.com/signin?next=/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/questions/QST0CWY2H943JFZ/how-was-the-image-made%23add-source) Where it fits Shroud of Turin **How was the image made?** Key question · you're here [Are the red-brown stains blood?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/shroud-of-turin/questions/QST0CWY2HGY52KJ/are-the-red-brown-stains-blood)Most likely · the stains are blood [ Ask a question under this one ]