# Monte Sierpe, the "Band of Holes" > Monte Sierpe is a band of about 5200 holes, each 1 to 2 m across, running 1.5 km up a ridge in Peru's Pisco Valley. Surface pottery and one radiocarbon… Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes Publisher: Mysteries Department Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page) Updated: 2026-10-27T17:47:50+00:00 --- **MYS** 0D5PH04P6DDC·Mystery · site # Monte Sierpe, the "Band of Holes" **0** [Follow][Ask a question](https://mysteriesdept.com/questions/key-questions?mystery=monte-sierpe-band-of-holes) Monte Sierpe, the "Band of Holes" ![The Monte Sierpe archaeological complex in the Pisco valley, Ica, Peru.](https://mysteriesdept.com/media/folio/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes-lead) Gatoconcafe · CC BY-SA 4.0 Where North side of the Pisco Valley, Ica region, Peru, 35 km from the coast⁠[[1]] Size About 5200 holes in a band 1.5 km long and 14–22 m wide⁠[[1]] Holes 1–2 m across, 0.5–1 m deep, some lined with stone, in at least 60 sections⁠[[1]] Date Charcoal in hole 1905-01: 635 ± 15 BP, AD 1320–1405 (95.4%)⁠[[1]] First published Aerial photograph by Robert Shippee, National Geographic, 1933⁠[[1]] Status Partly explained Questions 0 of 3 answered People [**Charles Stanish** Archaeologist; proposed the accounting hypothesis and led the 2025 project](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/people/FIG0D5PH1BR7YNY/charles-stanish)[**Henry Tantaleán** Archaeologist; co-author of the 2015 survey and the 2025 study](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/people/FIG0D5PH1KJ10Q4/henry-tantalean)[**Jacob L. Bongers** Archaeologist, University of Sydney; lead author of the 2025 study](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/people/FIG0D5PH13Y1H6F/jacob-l-bongers)[**Robert Shippee** Leader of the Shippee-Johnson aerial expedition to Peru](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/people/FIG0D5PH1VC4X73/robert-shippee) Catalog key**MYS** 0D5PH04P6DDC On a ridge on the north side of the Pisco Valley in southern Peru, about 5200 holes run in a band 1.5 km long from the valley floor up a hillside. The holes are 1 to 2 m across and up to 1 m deep, some lined with stone, and they are grouped into blocks separated by gaps. A defended settlement of 26 hectares lies 1 km to the east, and the band sits where pre-Hispanic roads cross between the Inca administrative centres of Tambo Colorado and Lima la Vieja⁠[[1]]. The site became known from Robert Shippee's aerial photograph, published by National Geographic in 1933, and a 2016 magazine feature made it widely known, including to promoters of ancient-astronaut ideas⁠[[2]]. Archaeologists have proposed defence, storage, water or fog capture, gardening, burial and mining⁠[[1]]⁠[[3]]. In 2015 Charles Stanish and Henry Tantaleán suggested it was an accounting and storage device⁠[[4]]. In November 2025 a team led by Jacob Bongers published drone mapping, a radiocarbon date and microbotanical analysis of 21 sediment samples. Rows within sections repeat fixed counts of holes, the holes contain pollen of maize and other crops and of plants used for baskets, and one hole's charcoal dates to AD 1320 to 1405. The team argues the site began as a barter marketplace of the Chincha Kingdom and was later used by the Inca to count tribute, with a layout that echoes a khipu found near Pisco⁠[[1]]. Of the 3 questions on this site, 0 are answered. The most likely answer to “What was the Band of Holes for?”, not yet confirmed: the band was a Chincha barter marketplace where goods were laid out in holes, later used under the Inca to…. ### Key questionsset by the editors [**What was the Band of Holes for?** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/questions/QST0D5PH3A81KKC/what-was-the-band-of-holes-for)Most likely: the band was a Chincha barter marketplace where goods were laid out in holes, later used under the Inca to… [**When was the band dug, and over how long was it used?** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/questions/QST0D5PH3J215JA/when-was-the-band-dug-and-over-how-long-was-it-used)Most likely: the band was built in the Late Intermediate Period under the Chincha and continued in use under the Inca [All 3 questions ](https://mysteriesdept.com/questions/key-questions?mystery=monte-sierpe-band-of-holes) ## The site The band varies from 14 to 22 m wide, averaging about 19 m. It is divided into at least 60 sections, separated by empty strips wide enough to cross, and differing in hole count and in whether the holes have stone walls. The holes are dug into colluvial and probably wind-blown sediment on the hillside⁠[[1]]. [![The Band of Holes](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/3ed99ea2c4593fcf9633271febf6bf8e8289d4e55a33138b7225011415e36156/w800)](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/artifacts/ART0D5PHB487GFK/the-band-of-holes) The Band of HolesJ.L. Bongers and C. Stanish, 1320. CC BY 4.0[Artifact ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/artifacts/ART0D5PHB487GFK/the-band-of-holes) The Chincha Kingdom controlled the Chincha and Pisco valleys in the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000 to 1400), with a population that colonial records suggest exceeded 100,000 and specialist farmers, fisherfolk and merchants. The Inca absorbed it in the 15th century and reorganised tribute on a decimal system⁠[[1]]. The site lies in the chaupiyunga, the transitional zone between coast and highlands where groups met to trade, near routes linking the highlands to the Pacific⁠[[5]]. **Map of the site** [Open the full map](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/map) [Site][Region] [+][−] 1 **Monte Sierpe (Band of Holes)** Band of pits on a ridge Within 1 km 2 **Pisco Valley, Ica region, Peru** River valley A region 3 **Tambo Colorado** Inca administrative centre Within 100 m MappedWithin 1 kmA regionBase map © OpenStreetMap contributors ### Timeline **Timeline** Squeezed where little happened. Each mark is a published claim, by how it stands:AcceptedMost likelyStill possibleDisputedRuled out ## What was found Mapping with a DJI Mavic 3E drone and a high-accuracy GNSS receiver confirmed about 5200 holes. In one section at least nine consecutive rows hold eight holes each; in another, six rows of seven and one of eight make 50; in a third, at least 12 rows alternate between seven and eight⁠[[1]]. Late Intermediate Period pottery was found on the band and Chincha and Inca pottery in the nearby settlement. Charcoal from inside hole 1905-01 gave 635 ± 15 BP (UCIAMS-223236), AD 1320 to 1405 at 95.4% on the ShCal20 curve⁠[[1]]. Sediment from 19 holes and two controls outside the band contained at least 27 pollen types. Maize pollen, which travels little, appears in at least six samples; willow and bulrush, used for baskets and mats, are nearly everywhere. Starch of squash and amaranth and maize phytoliths were also found. The controls had no phytoliths, but one held squash starch. Citrus pollen in two low holes shows some colonial-era input⁠[[1]]. ## What is known The holes were made by people and used in the late pre-Hispanic centuries. One radiocarbon date and the surface pottery place use in the Late Intermediate Period and the Inca era; when the band was first dug is not known⁠[[1]]. The layout is regular within sections, which rules out casual digging and suggests counting. The microbotanical evidence fits plants carried into the holes in baskets or bundles, not plants growing there: there is no rain at this altitude and no groundwater on the slope, and the brief fog oases could not have watered maize⁠[[1]]. There are no human remains apart from a few intrusive tombs at the south end, no ore, no slingstones or other signs of fighting, and no non-local goods so far⁠[[1]]. ## The explanations Market and accounting. The 2025 team proposes that Chincha communities used the band as a barter marketplace where goods placed in holes could be seen and counted, and that under the Inca it became a place to collect and account for tribute, each section perhaps tied to a social group. They compare the layout with a khipu from near Pisco (Berlin, VA 16135) whose cords fall into 80 groups of 10, 11 or 12⁠[[1]]⁠[[6]]. A grid of squares on storeroom floors at the Inca site of Inkawasi offers a parallel for counting produce on the ground⁠[[7]]. Storage. John Hyslop suggested the holes stored goods along the Inca road⁠[[3]]. Storage predicts roofing or sealing, and a single use rather than a counting layout; the new data are consistent with goods in the holes but do not test duration⁠[[1]]. Defence, water or fog capture, gardens, burial and mining all fail one or more tests: no weapons or fortification, no water source for crops, no burials and no ore. A geoglyph is not ruled out⁠[[1]]. ### Published claims **Published claims and their status** | Year | Who | Claimed | Status | Reason | |---|---|---|---|---| | 1984 | John Hyslop⁠[3] | The holes at Monte Sierpe stored goods along the Inca road. | Still possible | Crop and basketry pollen in the holes fit goods placed in them, but the counting layout and the gaps between sections suit display more than storage⁠[1] | | 2015 | Charles Stanish and Henry Tantaleán⁠[4] | The band was an accounting and temporary storage device for sorting produce into standard measures, in the Late Intermediate Period or under the Inca. | Most likely | The 2025 mapping found repeated hole counts per row and crop pollen in the holes, as the idea predicts⁠[1] | | 2025 | Jacob Bongers and colleagues⁠[1] | The band began as a Chincha barter marketplace where goods were laid out in holes, and the Inca later used it to collect and count tribute by section. | Most likely | The counts and the maize and basketry pollen support it, but no non-local goods have been found and a control sample also held crop starch⁠[1] | | 2025 | Jacob Bongers and colleagues⁠[1] | The band was in use in the Late Intermediate Period, before the Inca, and stayed in use under them. | Most likely | One charcoal date of AD 1320 to 1405 and the surface pottery fit it, but a single date cannot say when digging began⁠[1] | | 2025 | Jacob Bongers and colleagues⁠[1] | The band was not a defensive barrier, a fog or water trap, a garden, a cemetery or a mine. | Accepted | There are no weapons or fortifications, no water source at that altitude, no burials beyond a few later tombs and no ore⁠[1] | | 2025 | Jacob Bongers⁠[8] | He asked whether the band was a "landscape khipu", its sections and rows recording quantities the way khipu cords do. | Still possible | The count patterns resemble khipu cord groups, but no test has yet compared them, and band width alone could drive the counts⁠[1]⁠[6] | ## What would settle it Test excavations through holes in several sections, with more radiocarbon dates on short-lived material from the base of the fills, would date the band's construction and show whether sections were built at different times. The authors plan such work and ask whether the band was a "landscape khipu"⁠[[1]]⁠[[8]]. A formal comparison of the full hole-count map with the open khipu corpus, against randomised layouts, would test whether the numerical patterns go beyond what any regular digging produces⁠[[9]]. Sediment samples taken in a grid, with more controls outside the band, would show whether crop pollen is concentrated in particular sections, as an accounting system by group would predict. ## Questions 0 of 3 questions are answered. **Key questions** [All 3](https://mysteriesdept.com/questions/key-questions?mystery=monte-sierpe-band-of-holes) **0** [What was the Band of Holes for?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/questions/QST0D5PH3A81KKC/what-was-the-band-of-holes-for) 0 of 1 sub-questions answered·0 Most likely: the band was a Chincha barter marketplace where goods were laid out in holes, later used under the Inca to… **0** [When was the band dug, and over how long was it used?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/questions/QST0D5PH3J215JA/when-was-the-band-dug-and-over-how-long-was-it-used) 0 of 0 sub-questions answered·0 Most likely: the band was built in the Late Intermediate Period under the Chincha and continued in use under the Inca ## Evidence 14 findings [What was the Band of Holes for?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/questions/QST0D5PH3A81KKC/what-was-the-band-of-holes-for)10 findings [The band was a Chincha barter marketplace where goods were laid out in holes, later used under the Inca to…](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH41P67WK/the-band-was-a-chincha-barter-marketplace-where-goods-were)Most likely +[Rows within sections repeat fixed hole counts (e.g. nine rows of eight; rows alternating seven and eight).](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH49G1XGP/rows-within-sections-repeat-fixed-hole-counts-e-g-nine-rows)Supported +[Maize pollen in at least six holes and near-ubiquitous willow and bulrush pollen, plants used for baskets and mats.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH4HA7ZR0/maize-pollen-in-at-least-six-holes-and-near-ubiquitous)Supported +[Charcoal from one hole dates to AD 1320–1405; surface pottery is Late Intermediate Period and Inca.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH4S43SPJ/charcoal-from-one-hole-dates-to-ad-13201405-surface-pottery)Supported +[Cord groups of 10, 11 or 12 on the Pisco khipu VA 16135 resemble the sectioned layout.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH50Y164Z/cord-groups-of-10-11-or-12-on-the-pisco-khipu-va-16135)Speculative −[No non-local goods have been found, and control sample C7 also contained squash starch.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH58R5T7J/no-non-local-goods-have-been-found-and-control-sample-c7)Suggestive [The holes were storage pits along the Inca road.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH5GJ25XX/the-holes-were-storage-pits-along-the-inca-road)Still possible +[Crop pollen and basketry plants fit goods placed in the holes.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH5RC74VY/crop-pollen-and-basketry-plants-fit-goods-placed-in-the)Suggestive −[The counting layout and crossing gaps between sections suit display and tallying more than storage.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH6060K9Z/the-counting-layout-and-crossing-gaps-between-sections-suit)Speculative [The band was a defensive obstacle, like the Iron Age pit belts of northern Europe.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH6800G94/the-band-was-a-defensive-obstacle-like-the-iron-age-pit)Disputed −[No fortification, attack evidence or slingstones along the band.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH6FT3B88/no-fortification-attack-evidence-or-slingstones-along-the)Supported [The holes caught fog or water to grow plants in sunken gardens.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH6QM6WK9/the-holes-caught-fog-or-water-to-grow-plants-in-sunken)Disputed −[No rain at this altitude, no groundwater on the slope, and fog oases too brief to grow maize.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH6ZE1M24/no-rain-at-this-altitude-no-groundwater-on-the-slope-and-fog)Supported [The holes were graves or mining pits.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH7782HN2/the-holes-were-graves-or-mining-pits)Disputed −[No human remains except a few intrusive tombs at the south end; no copper or silver ore.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH7F22ZX0/no-human-remains-except-a-few-intrusive-tombs-at-the-south)Supported [When was the band dug, and over how long was it used?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/questions/QST0D5PH3J215JA/when-was-the-band-dug-and-over-how-long-was-it-used)2 findings [The band was built in the Late Intermediate Period under the Chincha and continued in use under the Inca.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH7YP196P/the-band-was-built-in-the-late-intermediate-period-under-the)Most likely +[Hole 1905-01 charcoal AD 1320–1405 (95.4%); Late Intermediate Period sherds on the band.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH86G52ZK/hole-1905-01-charcoal-ad-13201405-95-4-late-intermediate)Supported [The band was built in the Inca period (after about AD 1400) as part of the state's administration.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH8EA2D0D/the-band-was-built-in-the-inca-period-after-about-ad-1400-as)Still possible −[The one dated hole is probably pre-Inca or at the transition (AD 1320–1405).](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH8P46Y38/the-one-dated-hole-is-probably-pre-inca-or-at-the-transition)Suggestive [Do the hole counts encode numbers in the way khipus do?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/questions/QST0D5PH3SW7XMQ/do-the-hole-counts-encode-numbers-in-the-way-khipus-do)2 findings [Section and row counts record quantities or groups in a decimal or khipu-like system.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH95R5C7G/section-and-row-counts-record-quantities-or-groups-in-a)Still possible +[Repeated counts of seven and eight per row in several sections.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH9DJ2WGB/repeated-counts-of-seven-and-eight-per-row-in-several)Suggestive [Regular counts arise from building practice, such as fixed band width and hole size, without encoding numbers.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/answers/ANS0D5PH9NC4QZZ/regular-counts-arise-from-building-practice-such-as-fixed)Still possible +[Band width varies from 14 to 22 m and section boundaries are partly subjective, which could drive count variation.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/evidence/EVD0D5PH9X678WS/band-width-varies-from-14-to-22-m-and-section-boundaries-are)Speculative ## Artifacts The films, photos, papers and objects this mystery rests on, each with its own key and its distance from the original. **Artifacts** [See all 11](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/artifacts) Photo1 step from object [The Band of Holes](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/artifacts/ART0D5PHB487GFK/the-band-of-holes) J.L. Bongers and C. Stanish · CC BY 4.0 Document1 step from object [Sediment samples from 19 holes and two controls](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/artifacts/ART0D5PHC3G1K5B/sediment-samples-from-19-holes-and-two-controls) University of South Florida IASCE and Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia laboratories Photo1 step from object [Khipu from near Pisco (VA 16135a/b)](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/artifacts/ART0D5PHCBA4NBR/khipu-from-near-pisco-va-16135a-b) Claudia Obrocki (SMB) · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Photo1 step from object [Robert Shippee's aerial photograph of the band (Shippee-Johnson expedition)](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/artifacts/ART0D5PHCTY6HV7/robert-shippees-aerial-photograph-of-the-band-shippee) Robert Shippee · reproduced courtesy of the AMNH; not under the article licence [See all 11 artifacts](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/monte-sierpe-band-of-holes/artifacts) ## See also [ **Great Sphinx of Giza** A 73-metre lion with a human head cut from the Giza bedrock, dated to about 2500 BC. ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/great-sphinx) [ **Puma Punku and Tiwanaku** A sixth-century platform of precisely cut andesite at Tiwanaku, Bolivia. ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/puma-punku) [ **Nazca Lines** Lines and figures scraped into the desert of southern Peru between 200 BC and AD 650. ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/nazca-lines) [ **Gunung Padang** A terraced hilltop of andesite columns in West Java, dated to the last centuries BC. ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/gunung-padang) ## References 1. 1.[Bongers, J., Kiahtipes, C., Beresford-Jones, D. et al. 2025. Indigenous accounting and exchange at Monte Sierpe ('Band of Holes') in the Pisco Valley, Peru. Antiquity 100(409), 145–163.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGXYC4EXR/indigenous-accounting-and-exchange-at-monte-sierpe-band-of)[doi](https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2025.10237)cited 42 times here**SRC** 0D5PGXYC4EXR 1. 2.[Powell, E. 2016. An Overlooked Inca Wonder. Archaeology (May/June 2016).](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGYE018FY/an-overlooked-inca-wonder)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0D5PGYE018FY 1. 3.[Hyslop, J. 1984. The Inka Road System. Academic Press, Orlando.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGYNT79X8/the-inka-road-system)[doi](https://doi.org/10.2307/144066)cited 2 times here**SRC** 0D5PGYNT79X8 1. 4.[Stanish, C., Tantaleán, H. 2015. The strange site of Monte Sierpe (Band of Holes) in the Pisco Valley, Peru. Backdirt (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA) 2015, 70–75.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGY661DCH/the-strange-site-of-monte-sierpe-band-of-holes-in-the-pisco)cited 5 times here**SRC** 0D5PGY661DCH 1. 5.[Beresford-Jones, D., Mader, C., Lane, K. et al. 2023. Beyond Inca roads: archaeological mobilities from the high Andes to the Pacific in southern Peru. Antiquity 97, 194–212.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGZWW42S0/beyond-inca-roads-archaeological-mobilities-from-the-high)[doi](https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2022.168)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0D5PGZWW42S0 1. 6.[Medrano, M., Khosla, A. 2024. How Can Data Science Contribute to Understanding the Khipu Code?. Latin American Antiquity 36, 497–516.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGYXM4GHV/how-can-data-science-contribute-to-understanding-the-khipu)[doi](https://doi.org/10.1017/laq.2024.5)cited 4 times here**SRC** 0D5PGYXM4GHV 1. 7.[Urton, G., Chu, A. 2015. Accounting in the King's Storehouse: the Inkawasi Khipu Archive. Latin American Antiquity 26, 512–529.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGZ5E1W8Z/accounting-in-the-kings-storehouse-the-inkawasi-khipu)[doi](https://doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.26.4.512)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0D5PGZ5E1W8Z 1. 8.[University of Sydney 2025. Mysterious holes in the Andes may have been an ancient marketplace, new research suggests. University of Sydney News.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGZN21737/mysterious-holes-in-the-andes-may-have-been-an-ancient)cited 2 times here**SRC** 0D5PGZN21737 1. 9.[OKR Team 2025. The Open Khipu Repository (version 2.1.0). Zenodo.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0D5PGZD87N8H/the-open-khipu-repository-version-2-1-0)[doi](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18025748)cited 2 times here**SRC** 0D5PGZD87N8H Last edited 27 Oct 2026