# The Kensington Runestone > The Kensington Runestone is a slab of greywacke with a runic inscription dated 1362, describing a party of Swedes and Norwegians in what is now… Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone Publisher: Mysteries Department Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page) Updated: 2026-10-27T17:47:38+00:00 --- **MYS** 0CT1HNFE1GMN·Mystery · object # The Kensington Runestone **0** [Follow][Ask a question](https://mysteriesdept.com/questions/key-questions?mystery=kensington-runestone) The Kensington Runestone ![Photograph: The Kensington Runestone](https://mysteriesdept.com/media/folio/kensington-runestone-lead) George T. Flom · Public domain Found 8 November 1898, farm of Olof Ohman, Solem township, Douglas County, Minnesota⁠[[1]] Date in the inscription 1362⁠[[1]] Held by Runestone Museum, Alexandria, Minnesota⁠[[10]] 1910 committee Minnesota Historical Society museum committee gave a conditional favourable opinion⁠[[1]] Main linguistic verdict Modern Swedish-Norwegian with invented or late runes⁠[[3]] Rune-form origin Linked in 2022 to a rune row circulating in Sweden from 1876⁠[[7]] Status Partly explained Questions 1 of 4 answered People [**Alice B. Kehoe** Anthropologist; advocate of authenticity](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/people/FIG0CT1HRD67DY1/alice-b-kehoe)[**Hjalmar Holand** Historian and owner; chief advocate of authenticity](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/people/FIG0CT1HPYA1NKR/hjalmar-holand)[**Magnus Källström** Runologist, Swedish National Heritage Board](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/people/FIG0CT1HR5C774T/magnus-kallstrom)[**Olof Ohman** Farmer who found the stone](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/people/FIG0CT1HPPG14PA/olof-ohman)[**Scott Wolter** Geologist; weathering study](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/people/FIG0CT1HQXJ1Y4Q/scott-wolter) All 8 people › [**Erik Wahlgren** Scandinavianist; author of the 1958 study](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/people/FIG0CT1HQDY79DX/erik-wahlgren)[**George T. Flom** Linguist; argued the inscription is modern](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/people/FIG0CT1HQ6451DV/george-t-flom)[**Henrik Williams** Runologist, Uppsala University](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/people/FIG0CT1HQNR35AF/henrik-williams) Catalog key**MYS** 0CT1HNFE1GMN On 8 November 1898 Olof Ohman, a Swedish immigrant farmer, was clearing timber on his land about three miles north-east of Kensington, Minnesota. Under the roots of a poplar or aspen, face down beneath about six inches of soil, lay a flat stone carved with runes⁠[[1]]. The inscription, as translated for the Minnesota Historical Society in 1910, reads in part: "Eight Goths [Swedes] and twenty-two Norwegians upon a journey of discovery from Vinland westward. ... we found ten men red with blood and dead. AVM, save us from evil. ... Year 1362"⁠[[1]]. If genuine it would be the oldest document in North America by a European. Scandinavian scholars who examined it soon after the find, and again in 1910, judged it modern, chiefly on its language and runes⁠[[2]]⁠[[3]]. The historian Hjalmar Holand bought it in 1907 and spent fifty years defending it, and a museum committee of the Minnesota Historical Society gave it a favourable opinion in 1910, conditional on review by a specialist in the Scandinavian languages⁠[[4]]⁠[[1]]. The debate never closed in public. Erik Wahlgren's 1958 study and Theodore Blegen's 1968 study set out the case for a nineteenth-century origin⁠[[3]]⁠[[5]]. In 2000 the geologist Scott Wolter reported that weathering of the grooves showed the carving to be at least 200 years old⁠[[6]]. In 2022 the Swedish runologist Magnus Källström traced the stone's distinctive runes to an alphabet printed in Sweden in 1876 and in use among rune writers into the 1880s⁠[[7]]. In November 2025 Alice Kehoe restated the case for authenticity in the SAA Archaeological Record⁠[[8]]. Of the 4 questions on this site, 1 are answered. ### Key questionsset by the editors [**If the inscription is modern, who carved it?** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/questions/QST0CT1HVJR0DZJ/if-the-inscription-is-modern-who-carved-it)No answer ahead yet [**When was the inscription carved?** ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/questions/QST0CT1HTVA12MW/when-was-the-inscription-carved)Answered: the inscription was carved in Minnesota between about 1885 and 1898. [All 4 questions ](https://mysteriesdept.com/questions/key-questions?mystery=kensington-runestone) ## The object The stone is a slab of greywacke, carved on one face and one edge⁠[[1]]⁠[[9]]. It was found on the southern slope of a knoll on what had been an island in a lake, now marsh; Ohman's sons and a neighbour, Nils Flaaten, were present at or just after the find⁠[[1]]. After Holand acquired it, it was exhibited widely, and it is now displayed at the Runestone Museum in Alexandria, Minnesota⁠[[10]]⁠[[11]]. A high-resolution 3D scan of the whole stone and of the runes was made by Laser Design for the television series America's Lost Vikings; a viewer is online but no download or licence is stated⁠[[9]]. **Map of the area** [Open the full map](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/map) [Area][Region] [+][−] 1 **Ohman farm, Solem township, near Kensington, Minnesota** Farm (find site) Within 1 km 2 **Kensington, Minnesota** Town Within 1 km 3 **Runestone Museum, Alexandria, Minnesota** Museum Within 100 m MappedWithin 1 kmBase map © OpenStreetMap contributors ### Timeline **Timeline** Squeezed where little happened. Each mark is a published claim, by how it stands:AcceptedMost likelyStill possibleDisputedRuled out ## What is known The inscription mixes runes of medieval form with forms not found in medieval Scandinavian inscriptions, and writes its numbers in a pentadic system⁠[[3]]⁠[[7]]. Its language was judged in 1910 by George Flom of the University of Illinois to be a modern Swedish-Norwegian mixture with English influence, and he hinted that a local itinerant teacher, Sven Fogelblad, might have written it⁠[[2]]⁠[[1]]. The Minnesota committee itself noted that five abbreviated verb forms would mark the stone as a forgery if they could not be explained for 1362⁠[[1]]. [![First page of The Kensington Runestone](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/v/5df3b613dd1d531b3ec6959ad0fa1166d9b867a87458f63a928e080474709011/p1)102 pages](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/artifacts/ART0CT1J2NA7RPN/the-kensington-runestone) The Kensington RunestoneMinnesota Historical Society (plates), 1362. Public domain[Artifact ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/artifacts/ART0CT1J2NA7RPN/the-kensington-runestone) In 2022 Källström, of the Swedish National Heritage Board, identified an 1876 textbook by the itinerant calligrapher Eric Ström that reproduced two runic alphabets, one with "very strange letters and signs for numbers" that match the Kensington runes and pentadic numerals. He argued that the Larsson brothers of Dala-Floda, whose rune writings are known, learned their runes from this tradition, and that the Kensington forms belong to a younger variant than the one Edward Larsson still used in 1885, which would place the carving after 1885⁠[[7]]. The account is known here from a translated summary of his report. ## What has been tested Two physical tests have been run. In 2000 Wolter, a geologist with American Petrographic Services, examined the weathering of the grooves at the Runestone Museum's request and concluded the inscription was no less than 200 years old; Swedish scientists at a 2004 debate called the conclusion "fantastic" and the method approximate⁠[[6]]. Kehoe cites a scanning-microscope study arranged by Richard Nielsen that showed weathering of the incision edges⁠[[8]]. The 3D scan found runes cut in soft calcite about 25 per cent shallower than those in the harder greywacke; one presenter read this as about 130 years of wear rather than 650, and his co-presenter questioned the reasoning⁠[[9]]. No calibrated rate of groove weathering for this stone type and climate has been published, so neither reading is a measured date. The linguistic test has been run repeatedly. Flom in 1910, Wahlgren in 1958 and the Uppsala runologist Henrik Williams in 2012 compared the language and runes with fourteenth-century Scandinavian usage and found them modern⁠[[2]]⁠[[3]]⁠[[12]]. Holand and later Kehoe argued that the forms fit a fourteenth-century dialect⁠[[4]]⁠[[8]]. ## The readings The consensus reading is that the stone was carved in Minnesota in the 1880s or 1890s by someone from the Swedish rune-writing tradition, most often taken to be Ohman, alone or with others⁠[[3]]⁠[[5]]⁠[[7]]. Why it was carved is less clear; suggestions range from a joke on the learned to a deliberate hoax, and the stone became bound up with Scandinavian-American identity⁠[[11]]. The minority reading is that it was carved in 1362 by a Norse party that reached Minnesota from Hudson Bay, as Holand argued and Kehoe and Wolter maintain⁠[[4]]⁠[[8]]⁠[[6]]. No other trace of such a party has been found in Minnesota⁠[[3]]. ### Published claims **Published claims and their status** | Year | Who | Claimed | Status | Reason | |---|---|---|---|---| | 1910 | Minnesota Historical Society museum committee⁠[1] | The stone is probably a genuine record of 1362, provided a specialist in the Scandinavian languages can explain its forms. | Disputed | The language and runes have been judged modern by specialists since 1910, and in 2022 the runes were traced to a Swedish rune row of 1876⁠[2]⁠[7]. | | 1910 | George T. Flom⁠[2] | The inscription is a modern Swedish-Norwegian mixture with English influence, written in Minnesota, perhaps by the teacher Sven Fogelblad. | Accepted | Its modern dating is the view of runologists since, and the rune forms have been tied to the 1870s and 1880s; the Fogelblad attribution was never shown⁠[3]⁠[7]. | | 1919 | Hjalmar Holand⁠[4] | The stone was carved in 1362 by a party of Swedes and Norwegians who reached Minnesota from Hudson Bay. | Disputed | No other trace of such a party has been found, and the runes and language point to the nineteenth century⁠[3]⁠[7]. | | 1958 | Erik Wahlgren⁠[3] | The stone is a nineteenth-century creation of the Swedish community around Kensington, in which Olof Ohman had a hand. | Accepted | The modern date is the consensus, though who carved it has never been proved⁠[5]⁠[7]. | | 1968 | Theodore C. Blegen⁠[5] | Local records and correspondence point to the stone's making in the Scandinavian immigrant community of the 1890s. | Most likely | It agrees with the runological evidence found since, but no document of the carving has been found⁠[7]. | | 1982 | Robert A. Hall Jr.⁠[14] | The language of the inscription fits fourteenth-century Scandinavian, so the stone is genuine. | Disputed | Scandinavianists have judged the language modern since 1910, and the rune forms have since been matched to a nineteenth-century tradition⁠[3]⁠[13]. | | 2000 | Scott Wolter⁠[6] | The weathering of the grooves shows the inscription is at least 200 years old. | Disputed | Swedish scientists called the method approximate, and no calibrated weathering rate for this rock and climate has been published⁠[6]. | | 2009 | Scott Wolter⁠[15] | The stone was carved by Norse Knights Templar as a claim to land, and other stones and a tower in Rhode Island are linked to it. | Disputed | Minnesota's state archaeologist and historians reject it, and the runes point to the nineteenth century⁠[15]⁠[7]. | | 2017 | Magnus Källström⁠[13] | A nineteenth-century rune staff from Haverö in Sweden carries nearly the same rune row as the stone, and the emigrant Anders Andersson may have carved it. | Still possible | The rune match was strengthened in 2022, but Källström calls the attribution to Andersson a suspicion, not a solution⁠[13]⁠[7]. | | 2022 | Magnus Källström⁠[7] | The stone's runes and numerals come from a rune row printed by Eric Ström in 1876, in a form younger than one still used in 1885, so it was carved after 1885. | Most likely | No one has answered it in print, but it is known so far through a translated summary rather than a reviewed paper⁠[7]. | | 2025 | Alice B. Kehoe⁠[8] | The weathering and dialect of the inscription show the stone is authentic, and a 1362 expedition is plausible. | Disputed | Her arguments restate the weathering and dialect cases that runologists and the 2022 rune evidence contradict⁠[7]⁠[6]. | ## What would settle it Three tests would narrow it. A calibrated weathering study, measuring groove profiles on the stone against dated inscriptions on the same rock type in the same climate (gravestones from the 1860s onward, for example), would turn the weathering argument into a date range. A full comparison of each Kensington rune form against the Swedish rune rows of the 1870s and 1880s that Källström identified, and against medieval inscriptions in the Scandinavian Runic-text Database, would show which tradition each form belongs to. A published 3D dataset of the stone would let others repeat both. ## Questions 1 of 4 questions are answered. **Key questions** [All 4](https://mysteriesdept.com/questions/key-questions?mystery=kensington-runestone) **0** [If the inscription is modern, who carved it?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/questions/QST0CT1HVJR0DZJ/if-the-inscription-is-modern-who-carved-it) 0 of 0 sub-questions answered·0 Open: 3 answers, none ahead **0** [When was the inscription carved?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/questions/QST0CT1HTVA12MW/when-was-the-inscription-carved) 0 of 2 sub-questions answered·0 Answered: The inscription was carved in Minnesota between about 1885 and 1898. ## Evidence 12 findings [When was the inscription carved?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/questions/QST0CT1HTVA12MW/when-was-the-inscription-carved)7 findings [The inscription was carved in 1362 by members of a Norse expedition, as it says.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/answers/ANS0CT1HVTJ47JR/the-inscription-was-carved-in-1362-by-members-of-a-norse)Disputed +[A geologist reported weathering implying at least 200 years.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HW2C0BZH/a-geologist-reported-weathering-implying-at-least-200-years)Speculative +[Kehoe cites microscope evidence of weathered incision edges and a fourteenth-century Bohuslän dialect.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HWA61VY2/kehoe-cites-microscope-evidence-of-weathered-incision-edges)Speculative −[The stone's runes and pentadic numerals match an alphabet printed in Sweden in 1876.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HWJ000T2/the-stones-runes-and-pentadic-numerals-match-an-alphabet)Supported −[Linguists from 1910 onward found the language modern.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HWST3RVQ/linguists-from-1910-onward-found-the-language-modern)Supported [The inscription was carved in Minnesota between about 1885 and 1898.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/answers/ANS0CT1HX1M2PGN/the-inscription-was-carved-in-minnesota-between-about-1885)Most likely +[The Kensington runes belong to a younger variant of an 1876 rune row than the one still used in 1885.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HX9E4ZV0/the-kensington-runes-belong-to-a-younger-variant-of-an-1876)Supported +[The 1910 committee itself said five abbreviated verb forms would mark it a forgery unless explained for 1362.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HXH86W3G/the-1910-committee-itself-said-five-abbreviated-verb-forms)Suggestive +[Runes cut in calcite are about 25 per cent shallower than those in greywacke, which a presenter read as about 130 years of wear.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HXS218PY/runes-cut-in-calcite-are-about-25-per-cent-shallower-than)Speculative [Where do the Kensington rune forms and numerals come from?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/questions/QST0CT1HV342PKD/where-do-the-kensington-rune-forms-and-numerals-come-from)1 finding [The forms come from the rune row in Eric Ström's 1876 textbook as transmitted among Swedish rune writers.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/answers/ANS0CT1HYGG73XY/the-forms-come-from-the-rune-row-in-eric-stroms-1876)Most likely +[A contemporary review of the 1876 textbook describes strange letters and number signs that match the Kensington runes.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HYRA1PZC/a-contemporary-review-of-the-1876-textbook-describes-strange)Supported [Does the weathering of the grooves show the inscription is old?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/questions/QST0CT1HVAY1BW1/does-the-weathering-of-the-grooves-show-the-inscription-is)3 findings [The grooves are weathered more than a century of exposure could produce, so the carving is at least 200 years…](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/answers/ANS0CT1HZ7Y7XJG/the-grooves-are-weathered-more-than-a-century-of-exposure)Disputed +[A 2000 weathering study concluded the inscription was no less than 200 years old.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HZFR3KK8/a-2000-weathering-study-concluded-the-inscription-was-no)Speculative [The weathering is consistent with burial and exposure since the late nineteenth century.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/answers/ANS0CT1HZQJ4A37/the-weathering-is-consistent-with-burial-and-exposure-since)Still possible +[Relative depth of calcite and greywacke runes was read as about 130 years of wear.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1HZZC56DX/relative-depth-of-calcite-and-greywacke-runes-was-read-as)Speculative [Without a calibrated rate for this rock and setting, the weathering cannot date the carving.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/answers/ANS0CT1J0764NJK/without-a-calibrated-rate-for-this-rock-and-setting-the)Most likely +[Swedish scientists called the 2000 method approximate.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1J0F05KQ8/swedish-scientists-called-the-2000-method-approximate)Suggestive [If the inscription is modern, who carved it?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/questions/QST0CT1HVJR0DZJ/if-the-inscription-is-modern-who-carved-it)1 finding [Olof Ohman carved it, perhaps with help from neighbours or Sven Fogelblad.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/answers/ANS0CT1J0YM3HCT/olof-ohman-carved-it-perhaps-with-help-from-neighbours-or)Still possible +[Flom in 1910 hinted at Fogelblad's authorship; Holand reported a local inquiry that cleared him.](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/evidence/EVD0CT1J16E105M/flom-in-1910-hinted-at-fogelblads-authorship-holand-reported)Speculative ## Artifacts The films, photos, papers and objects this mystery rests on, each with its own key and its distance from the original. **Artifacts** [See all 10](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/artifacts) Photo1 step from object [The Kensington Runestone](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/artifacts/ART0CT1J2NA7RPN/the-kensington-runestone) Minnesota Historical Society · Public domain (published 1910; Internet Archive marks it not in copyright) Transcription2 steps from object [Affidavits of Olof Ohman and his neighbours on the finding of the stone](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/artifacts/ART0CT1J3WC2A5Z/affidavits-of-olof-ohman-and-his-neighbours-on-the-finding) Minnesota Historical Society · Public domain (published 1910; Internet Archive marks it not in copyright) Transcription3 steps from object [Eric Ström's 1876 textbook with two runic alphabets](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/artifacts/ART0CT1J4C0653W/eric-stroms-1876-textbook-with-two-runic-alphabets) Jason Colavito (summary of Källström's report) · publisher Document1 step from object [Edward Larsson's rune row of 1885](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/artifacts/ART0CT1J4VM31QH/edward-larssons-rune-row-of-1885) not established in this pass [See all 10 artifacts](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/kensington-runestone/artifacts) ## See also [ **Phaistos Disc** A clay disc stamped with 241 signs in spirals, found at Phaistos, Crete, in 1908. ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/phaistos-disc) [ **White Shaman Mural** A painted creation story, or a shaman's vision, on a rock shelter wall above the Pecos River. ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/white-shaman-mural) [ **Shroud of Turin** A linen cloth with the image of a crucified man, radiocarbon-dated to 1260 to 1390. ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/shroud-of-turin) [ **Shugborough inscription** Eight unexplained letters carved on an 18th-century monument in Staffordshire. ](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/shugborough-inscription) ## References 1. 1.[Minnesota Historical Society. Museum Committee 1910. The Kensington Rune Stone: Preliminary report to the Minnesota Historical Society by its Museum Committee. Minnesota Historical Society, St Paul (reprinted in Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society 15, 1915).](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HJ2265YE/the-kensington-rune-stone-preliminary-report-to-the)cited 12 times here**SRC** 0CT1HJ2265YE 1. 2.[Flom, G. 1910. The Kensington Rune-Stone: A Modern Inscription from Douglas County, Minnesota. Illinois State Historical Society (Publication of the Illinois State Historical Library 15).](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HJ9W5C9J/the-kensington-rune-stone-a-modern-inscription-from-douglas)cited 5 times here**SRC** 0CT1HJ9W5C9J 1. 3.[Wahlgren, E. 1958. The Kensington Stone: A Mystery Solved. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HJSG7AXP/the-kensington-stone-a-mystery-solved)[doi](https://doi.org/10.2307/1902968)cited 6 times here**SRC** 0CT1HJSG7AXP 1. 4.[Holand, H. 1919. The Kensington Rune Stone: The Oldest Native Document of American History. Menasha, Wisconsin (reprint).](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HJHP5BDF/the-kensington-rune-stone-the-oldest-native-document-of)cited 5 times here**SRC** 0CT1HJHP5BDF 1. 5.[Blegen, T. 1968. The Kensington Rune Stone: New Light on an Old Riddle. Minnesota Historical Society, St Paul.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HK1A0P46/the-kensington-rune-stone-new-light-on-an-old-riddle)[doi](https://doi.org/10.2307/1902068)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0CT1HK1A0P46 1. 6.[Minnesota Monthly n.d.. Runestone Cowboy. Minnesota Monthly.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HKRR3ECW/runestone-cowboy)cited 9 times here**SRC** 0CT1HKRR3ECW 1. 7.[Colavito, J. 2022. New evidence points to a 19th century origin for Kensington Runestone alphabet. jasoncolavito.com (blog).](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HM8C07C9/new-evidence-points-to-a-19th-century-origin-for-kensington)cited 10 times here**SRC** 0CT1HM8C07C9 1. 8.[Kehoe, A. 2025. Being Hoaxed by Claims of Hoaxes: Comment on Stroth. The SAA Archaeological Record 25(5).](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HMG61YZV/being-hoaxed-by-claims-of-hoaxes-comment-on-stroth)cited 7 times here**SRC** 0CT1HMG61YZV 1. 9.[Artec 3D 2019. Kensington Runestone 3D scan. artec3d.com.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HM0J42C2/kensington-runestone-3d-scan)cited 5 times here**SRC** 0CT1HM0J42C2 1. 10.[Runestone Museum, A. n.d.. Runestone Museum. runestonemuseum.org.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HMR07YWB/runestone-museum)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0CT1HMR07YWB 1. 11.[Krueger, D. 2010. Myths of the Rune Stone: Viking Martyrs and the Birthplace of America. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HKGY398G/myths-of-the-rune-stone-viking-martyrs-and-the-birthplace-of)[doi](https://doi.org/10.5749/9781452945422)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0CT1HKGY398G 1. 12.[Williams, H. 2012. The Kensington Runestone: Fact and Fiction. Swedish-American Historical Quarterly 63(1), 3-22.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HK9400F5/the-kensington-runestone-fact-and-fiction)[doi](https://doi.org/10.1353/swe.2012.a939408)cited 2 times here**SRC** 0CT1HK9400F5 1. 13.[Källström, M. 2017. Haverörunor – nyckeln till Kensingtonstenens gåta?. K-blogg (Swedish National Heritage Board).](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HP6W1SBQ/haverorunor-nyckeln-till-kensingtonstenens-gata)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0CT1HP6W1SBQ 1. 14.[Hall, R. 1982. The Kensington Rune-Stone is Genuine: Linguistic, Practical, Methodological Considerations.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HNQ80HWH/the-kensington-rune-stone-is-genuine-linguistic-practical)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0CT1HNQ80HWH 1. 15.[Wolter, S. 2009. The Hooked X: Key to the Secret History of North America. North Star Press of St. Cloud, St. Cloud, Minnesota.](https://mysteriesdept.com/sources/SRC0CT1HNZ20FED/the-hooked-x-key-to-the-secret-history-of-north-america)cited 1 time here**SRC** 0CT1HNZ20FED Last edited 27 Oct 2026