# Page similarity against physical structure (leaf, bifolio, binding)

> Run 3 times on the site, with every result.

Source: https://mysteriesdept.com/methods/MTH08JFX88P5HN6/page-similarity-against-physical-structure-leaf-bifolio  
Publisher: Mysteries Department  
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (credit Mysteries Department and link the page)  

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[Methods](https://mysteriesdept.com/methods)[Codicology / statistics](https://mysteriesdept.com/methods?kind=images-and-the-book)Page similarity against physical structure (leaf, bifolio, binding)

Method · codicology / statistics

# Page similarity against physical structure (leaf, bifolio, binding)

**Codicology / statistics** Version **1.0** Licence **MIT3** runsUsed on **1** mystery

## Questions it answers

- [What order were the leaves in?](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/voynich-manuscript/questions/QST08JFYJG87ZFD/what-order-were-the-leaves-in)

## Code Python

[Download module (.py)](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/28623ce7e6e9b30a73a702f3659b5a33268c0c7b462af44a857e7c45c98f821e.py)`t_page_similarity.py`[View source](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/28623ce7e6e9b30a73a702f3659b5a33268c0c7b462af44a857e7c45c98f821e.py)

## Runs and results 3 runs

| Run | Mystery | Measured | Result | Against | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RUN-005 | Voynich | Cosine bound-adjacent across different sheets (z) | 1.02 | Perm null, p=0.15 | 22 Oct |
| RUN-004 | Voynich | Cosine same-bifolio vs random (z) | 9.25 | Perm null | 22 Oct |
| RUN-003 | Voynich | Cosine same-leaf vs random (z) | 9.63 | Perm null, section+language matched | 22 Oct |

## Applied to

![Voynich Manuscript](https://mysteriesdept.com/media/folio/78r)

**[Voynich Manuscript](https://mysteriesdept.com/mysteries/voynich-manuscript)1 dataset** ZL3b transcription

[Download module](https://mysteriesdept.com/files/28623ce7e6e9b30a73a702f3659b5a33268c0c7b462af44a857e7c45c98f821e.py)

Category

Codicology / statistics

Version

1.0 · 25 Oct 2026

Licence

MIT

Language

Python

Cite

[BibTeX](https://mysteriesdept.com/methods/MTH08JFX88P5HN6/page-similarity-against-physical-structure-leaf-bifolio/cite.bib) · [APA](https://mysteriesdept.com/methods/MTH08JFX88P5HN6/page-similarity-against-physical-structure-leaf-bifolio/cite.txt)

Develop this method

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Authors

**[apollo](https://mysteriesdept.com/u/apollo)** Wrote version 1.0